// Verify the exception chain
        assertNotNull(runtimeException);
        assertEquals(servletException, runtimeException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, servletException.getCause());

        // Verify messages in the chain
        assertTrue(runtimeException.getMessage().contains(ServletException.class.getName()));

        assertEquals("dbConnection", topException.getComponentName());
        assertEquals(middleCause, topException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, topException.getCause().getCause());
    }

    public void test_throwAndCatch() {
        // Test throwing and catching the exception
        String componentName = "cacheManager";
        try {

        assertEquals("Final message", exception.getMessage());
        assertSame(intermediateCause, exception.getCause());
        assertSame(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void testToString() {
        String message = "Test error message";
        CurlException exception = new CurlException(message);

        assertEquals(400, exception.getStatusCode());
        assertEquals("Runtime error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(innerCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    public void test_throwAndCatch() {
        // Test throwing and catching the exception
        int expectedStatusCode = 403;

        SMBProtocolDecodingException ex = new SMBProtocolDecodingException();

        // Assert state
        assertNull(ex.getMessage(), "Default constructor should have null message");
        assertNull(ex.getCause(), "Default constructor should have null cause");
        assertTrue(ex instanceof CIFSException, "Should be a CIFSException subtype");

        // Assert throwing/catching behavior with assertThrows

        assertEquals(url, exception.getUrl());
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(outerCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals(innerCause, exception.getCause().getCause().getCause());
        assertFalse(exception.aborted());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withSpecialCharactersInUrl() {

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructorWithString_null() {
        // Test with null message
        JobNotFoundException exception = new JobNotFoundException((String) null);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructorWithString_empty() {

            assertEquals(1, result.intValue());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Expected behavior when components are not fully initialized
            assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof NullPointerException || e.getCause() instanceof ContainerNotAvailableException);
        } finally {
            tempPropFile.delete();
        }
    }

    public void test_process_withoutPropertiesPath() throws Exception {

     */
    @Test
    void testDefaultConstructor() {
        PACDecodingException e = new PACDecodingException();
        // Expect null message and null cause
        assertNull(e.getMessage());
        assertNull(e.getCause());
    }

    /**
     * Test the constructor with a message.
     */
    @Test
    void testMessageConstructor() {
        String errorMessage = "This is a test error message.";

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withEmptyMessage() {
        // Test with empty message
        String message = "";
        UnsupportedSearchException exception = new UnsupportedSearchException(message);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }