import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * A binary encoding scheme for reversibly translating between byte sequences and printable ASCII
 * strings. This class includes several constants for encoding schemes specified by <a
 * href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">RFC 4648</a>. For example, the expression:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * BaseEncoding.base32().encode("foo".getBytes(US_ASCII))
 * }</pre>
 *

lob/master/LICENSE)\n * --------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\nimport $ from 'jquery'\nimport Util from './util'\n\n/**\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------\n * Constants\n * ------------------------------------------------------------------------\n */\n\nconst NAME                = 'alert'\nconst VERSION             = '4.4.1'\nconst DATA_KEY            = 'bs.alert'\nconst EVENT_KEY           = `.${DATA_KEY}`\nconst...

    Module System.
 *  New: Log gzipped bodies when `HttpLoggingInterceptor` is used as a network
    interceptor.
 *  New: `Protocol.QUIC` constant. This protocol is not supported but this
    constant is included for completeness.
 *  New: Upgrade to Okio 1.14.0.

     ```xml
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.squareup.okio</groupId>
       <artifactId>okio</artifactId>

import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * A double-ended priority queue, which provides constant-time access to both its least element and
 * its greatest element, as determined by the queue's specified comparator. If no comparator is
 * given at creation time, the natural order of elements is used. If no maximum size is given at

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py!}
```

/// info

如果你之前没见过 `...` 这种用法：它是一个特殊的单独值，它是 <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#Ellipsis" class="external-link" target="_blank">Python 的一部分并且被称为「省略号」</a>。
Pydantic 和 FastAPI 使用它来显式的声明需要一个值。

///

这将使 **FastAPI** 知道此查询参数是必需的。

### 使用`None`声明必需参数

package sql

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"
)

// FuncName - SQL function name.
type FuncName string

// SQL Function name constants
const (
	// Conditionals
	sqlFnCoalesce FuncName = "COALESCE"
	sqlFnNullIf   FuncName = "NULLIF"

	// Conversion
	sqlFnCast FuncName = "CAST"

	// Date and time
	sqlFnDateAdd     FuncName = "DATE_ADD"

"use strict";

(() => {
	const enosys = () => {
		const err = new Error("not implemented");
		err.code = "ENOSYS";
		return err;
	};

	if (!globalThis.fs) {
		let outputBuf = "";
		globalThis.fs = {
			constants: { O_WRONLY: -1, O_RDWR: -1, O_CREAT: -1, O_TRUNC: -1, O_APPEND: -1, O_EXCL: -1 }, // unused
			writeSync(fd, buf) {
				outputBuf += decoder.decode(buf);
				const nl = outputBuf.lastIndexOf("\n");
				if (nl != -1) {

{!> ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py!}
```

////

/// info

If you hadn't seen that `...` before: it is a special single value, it is <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#Ellipsis" class="external-link" target="_blank">part of Python and is called "Ellipsis"</a>.

It is used by Pydantic and FastAPI to explicitly declare that a value is required.

///

// that can be used on the modelType.
// Prior to go1.22 any use of MethodByName would cause the linker to
// abandon dead code elimination for the entire binary.
// As of go1.22 the compiler supports one special case of a string constant
// being passed to MethodByName. For enterprise customers or those building
// large binaries, this gives a significant reduction in binary size.
// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/62257

   *   <li>When the RateLimiter is used, this goes left (down to zero), since if we have
   *       storedPermits, we serve from those first
   *   <li>When _unused_, we go right at a constant rate! The rate at which we move to the right is
   *       chosen as maxPermits / warmupPeriod. This ensures that the time it takes to go from 0 to
   *       maxPermits is equal to warmupPeriod.