}

    String runCommand(String... args) {
        final ByteArrayOutputStream stdout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        execOperations.exec(spec -> {
            // The redundant cast is to silence a compiler warning.
            spec.setCommandLine((Object[]) args);
            spec.setStandardOutput(stdout);
        });

        return stdout.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }

        printStream.accept("  -d, --directory <path> Directory to use as starting point for POM discovery");
        printStream.accept("  -i, --infer           Remove redundant information that can be inferred by Maven");
        printStream.accept("      --model           Fix Maven 4 compatibility issues in POM files");

  static final ImmutableList<Object> EMPTY = new RegularImmutableList<Object>(emptyList());

  private final List<E> delegate;

  RegularImmutableList(List<E> delegate) {
    // TODO(cpovirk): avoid redundant unmodifiableList wrapping
    this.delegate = unmodifiableList(delegate);
  }

  @Override
  List<E> delegateList() {
    return delegate;
  }

        }
    }

    private Collection<WeakMojoExecutionListener> getProvidedListeners() {
        // the same instance can be provided multiple times under different Key's
        // deduplicate instances to avoid redundant beforeXXX/afterXXX callbacks
        IdentityHashMap<WeakMojoExecutionListener, Object> listeners = new IdentityHashMap<>();
        for (Object provided : getScopeState().provided()) {

We utilize nullness annotations in Java code and somewhat rely on IDE warnings to guide us.
However, the Java code we have is not fully annotated, which causes several consequences:
* IDE warnings can be misleading
* Redundant null checks may increase binary size, hurt performance, and increase cognitive load for readers
* Missing null checks may cause NullPointerException
* Bridging with Kotlin code is polluted with platform types

        context.info("-d, --directory <path> Directory to use as starting point for POM discovery");
        context.info("-i, --infer           Remove redundant information that can be inferred by Maven");
        context.info("    --model           Fix Maven 4 compatibility issues in POM files");
        context.info("    --plugins         Upgrade plugins known to fail with Maven 4");

 * If a plugin version is defined via a property, the property value is updated instead.
 *
 * <h3>Inference Optimizations (Optional)</h3>
 * When {@code --infer} option is enabled, applies inference optimizations to remove redundant information:
 *
 * <h4>Limited Inference for 4.0.0 Models (Maven 3.x POMs)</h4>
 * <ul>
 *   <li><strong>Child GroupId Removal</strong>: Removes child {@code <groupId>} when it matches parent groupId</li>

     *
     * @return an {@link Optional} containing the directory path, or empty if not specified
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<String> directory();

    /**
     * Should use inference when upgrading (remove redundant information).
     *
     * @return an {@link Optional} containing the boolean value {@code true} if specified, or empty
     */
    @Nonnull
    Optional<Boolean> infer();

    /**

	b.cachesRoot[best.root] = append(b.cachesRoot[best.root], best.id)
	b.updated = true
	b.debugf("returning new cache %s, bucket: %v", best.id, best.bucket)
	return best
}

// cleanup removes redundant and outdated entries.
func (b *bucketMetacache) cleanup() {
	// Entries to remove.
	remove := make(map[string]struct{})

	// Test on a copy
	// cleanup is the only one deleting caches.

import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Test suite covering {@link Ints#asList(int[])}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
@GwtCompatible
@SuppressWarnings("cast") // redundant casts are intentional and harmless
@NullUnmarked
@AndroidIncompatible // test-suite builders
public class IntArrayAsListTest extends TestCase {

  private static List<Integer> asList(Integer[] values) {