byte[] buffer = new byte[0];
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> cmd.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0));
    }

    /**
     * Test round‑trip encoding/decoding of ranges using the public
     * {@link LockingAndXRange} encode/decode methods.
     */
    @Test
    void lockRangeEncodeDecodeRoundTrip() throws Exception {

    }

    /**
     * Creates a security descriptor by decoding from a byte buffer.
     *
     * @param buffer the byte buffer containing the security descriptor data
     * @param bufferIndex the starting offset in the buffer
     * @param len the length of data to decode
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs during decoding
     */

public class FileNotifyInformationImpl implements FileNotifyInformation, Decodable {

    int nextEntryOffset;
    int action;
    int fileNameLength;
    String fileName;

    /**
     * Default constructor for decoding.
     */
    public FileNotifyInformationImpl() {
    }

    @Override
    public int getAction() {
        return this.action;
    }

    @Override
    public String getFileName() {

 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 */

package jcifs.smb1.dcerpc.ndr;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Exception thrown when an error occurs during NDR encoding or decoding operations.
 */
public class NdrException extends IOException {

    /**
     * Error message for null reference pointers.
     */
    public static final String NO_NULL_REF = "ref pointer cannot be null";

public class KerberosToken {

    private KerberosApRequest apRequest;

    /**
     * Constructs a KerberosToken from token bytes.
     *
     * @param token the token bytes
     * @throws PACDecodingException if token decoding fails
     */
    public KerberosToken(byte[] token) throws PACDecodingException {
        this(token, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a KerberosToken from token bytes with decryption keys.
     *

 * Provides methods for encoding, decoding, and manipulating sets of AV pairs.
 *
 * @author mbechler
 */
public final class AvPairs {

    private AvPairs() {
    }

    /**
     * Decode a list of AvPairs
     *
     * @param data the encoded AV pairs data
     * @return individual pairs
     * @throws CIFSException if decoding fails
     */

 */
class KerberosEncDataTest {

    /**
     * Test constructor with a valid token.
     *
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @throws PACDecodingException if a PAC decoding error occurs
     * @throws UnknownHostException if the IP address is not found
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructor() throws IOException, PACDecodingException, UnknownHostException {

        assertNotNull(avTimestamp);
        assertEquals(AvPair.MsvAvTimestamp, avTimestamp.getType());
        assertEquals(timestamp, avTimestamp.getTimestamp()); // Verify encoding and decoding
    }

    /**
     * Test getTimestamp method with a positive timestamp.
     */
    @Test
    public void testGetTimestampPositive() {
        long expectedTimestamp = 123456789012345L;

 */
package jcifs.ntlmssp.av;

/**
 * Base class for NTLMSSP AV (Attribute-Value) pairs used in NTLM authentication.
 * Provides common functionality for encoding and decoding attribute-value pairs.
 *
 * @author mbechler
 */
public class AvPair {

    /**
     * EOL type
     */
    public static final int MsvAvEOL = 0x0;

    /**
     * Flags type
     */

        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Header Decoding Tests")
    class HeaderDecodingTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("decode_header should successfully parse valid header")
        void testDecodeHeaderSuccess() throws NdrException {
            // Mock NdrBuffer methods for successful decoding
            when(mockBuffer.dec_ndr_small()).thenReturn(5)