.buildOrThrow();

  public void testNulls() {
    NullPointerTester tester =
        new NullPointerTester().setDefault(String.class, "HmacMD5").setDefault(Key.class, MD5_KEY);
    tester.testAllPublicConstructors(MacHashFunction.class);
    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(new MacHashFunction("HmacMD5", MD5_KEY, "toString"));
  }

  public void testHashing() throws Exception {

    FreshValueGenerator generator = new FreshValueGenerator();
    EqualsTester tester = new EqualsTester();
    for (int i = 0; i < instances; i++) {
      tester.addEqualityGroup(generator.generateFresh(type));
    }
    tester.testEquals();
  }

  private static <T> void assertEqualInstance(Class<T> type, T value) {

Je crée des API avec des exigences complexes depuis plusieurs années (Machine Learning, systèmes distribués, jobs asynchrones, bases de données NoSQL, etc), en dirigeant plusieurs équipes de développeurs.

Dans ce cadre, j'ai dû étudier, tester et utiliser de nombreuses alternatives.

L'histoire de **FastAPI** est en grande partie l'histoire de ses prédécesseurs.

Comme dit dans la section [Alternatives](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} :

import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/** Tester for {@code BiMap.entrySet} and methods on the entries in the set. */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")

          // Canonical escaper method that only escapes lower case ASCII letters.
          @Override
          protected char @Nullable [] escape(int cp) {
            return ('a' <= cp && cp <= 'z') ? new char[] {Character.toUpperCase((char) cp)} : null;
          }

          // Inefficient implementation that defines all letters as escapable.
          @Override

          // Canonical escaper method that only escapes lower case ASCII letters.
          @Override
          protected char @Nullable [] escape(int cp) {
            return ('a' <= cp && cp <= 'z') ? new char[] {Character.toUpperCase((char) cp)} : null;
          }

          // Inefficient implementation that defines all letters as escapable.
          @Override

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tester to make sure the {@code iterator().remove()} implementation of {@code Multiset} works when
 * there are multiple occurrences of elements.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible

      }
    }
  }

  public void testNulls() {
    NullPointerTester tester =
        new NullPointerTester()
            .setDefault(SleepingStopwatch.class, stopwatch)
            .setDefault(int.class, 1)
            .setDefault(double.class, 1.0d);
    tester.testStaticMethods(RateLimiter.class, Visibility.PACKAGE);
    tester.testInstanceMethods(RateLimiter.create(5.0, stopwatch), Visibility.PACKAGE);
  }

      }
    }
  }

  public void testNulls() {
    NullPointerTester tester =
        new NullPointerTester()
            .setDefault(SleepingStopwatch.class, stopwatch)
            .setDefault(int.class, 1)
            .setDefault(double.class, 1.0d);
    tester.testStaticMethods(RateLimiter.class, Visibility.PACKAGE);
    tester.testInstanceMethods(RateLimiter.create(5.0, stopwatch), Visibility.PACKAGE);
  }

  }

  static void checkPositive(int value, String name) {
    if (value <= 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(name + " must be positive but was: " + value);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Precondition tester for {@code Iterator.remove()} that throws an exception with a consistent
   * error message.
   */
  static void checkRemove(boolean canRemove) {
    checkState(canRemove, "no calls to next() since the last call to remove()");