@GwtCompatible
final class NaturalOrdering extends Ordering<Comparable<?>> implements Serializable {
  static final NaturalOrdering INSTANCE = new NaturalOrdering();

  /*
   * TODO: b/287198172 - Consider eagerly initializing these, maybe making them static. But that
   * would lead to at least slighly more work at startup time.
   */
  @LazyInit private transient @Nullable Ordering<@Nullable Comparable<?>> nullsFirst;

    implements LoadingCache<K, V> {

  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  protected AbstractLoadingCache() {}

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue // TODO(b/27479612): consider removing this?
  @Override
  public V getUnchecked(K key) {
    try {
      return get(key);
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      throw new UncheckedExecutionException(e.getCause());
    }
  }

 * <li>For high-security applications, consider using AES with GCM mode via {@link #setAlgorithm(String)} and {@link #setTransformation(String)}</li>
 * <li>Ensure keys are securely generated and stored</li>
 * <li>For production systems with stringent security requirements, consider using authenticated encryption modes</li>
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * <strong>Usage Example:</strong>
 * </p>

  private final boolean allowNulls;

  // Package-private so that it can be extended.
  MinimalCollection(Class<? super @NonNull E> type, boolean allowNulls, E... contents) {
    // TODO: consider making it shuffle the contents to test iteration order.
    this.contents = Platform.clone(contents);
    this.type = type;
    this.allowNulls = allowNulls;

    if (!allowNulls) {

            assertDoesNotThrow(() -> concreteImplementation.fixupDomain(domain));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should strip path consumed")
        void testStripPathConsumed() {
            int consumedAmount = 5;

            // Test with mock
            doNothing().when(mockReferralData).stripPathConsumed(consumedAmount);

 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * Map&lt;K, V&gt; syncMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LruHashMap&lt;&gt;(100));
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Alternatively, for high-concurrency scenarios, consider implementing a custom
 * LRU cache using {@link java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap} with an eviction strategy.
 * </p>
 *
 * @author koichik
 * @param <K> the key type
 * @param <V> the value type
 */

# JSON with Bytes as Base64 { #json-with-bytes-as-base64 }

If your app needs to receive and send JSON data, but you need to include binary data in it, you can encode it as base64.

## Base64 vs Files { #base64-vs-files }

Consider first if you can use [Request Files](../tutorial/request-files.md) for uploading binary data and [Custom Response - FileResponse](./custom-response.md#fileresponse--fileresponse-) for sending binary data, instead of encoding it in JSON.

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>animal-sniffer-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <checkTestClasses>false</checkTestClasses> <!-- TODO(cpovirk): Consider checking them. -->
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>

    }

    @Override
    public Object getKey() {
        return "artifact " + artifact.getGroupId() + ":" + artifact.getArtifactId();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSnapshot() {
        // Don't consider the artifact's version in here, as this is stored in the directory above that
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int getNature() {
        if (artifact.getVersion() != null) {

    // user-specified -XX:+DisableExplicitGC.
    //
    // TODO(user): Consider using
    // java/lang/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getSystemLoadAverage()
    //
    // TODO(user): Consider scaling by number of mutator threads,
    // e.g. using Thread#activeCount()
    return max(10L, Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() / (32L * 1024L * 1024L));
  }