and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """

   */
  /*
   * TODO(cpovirk): or we could make HOLES_FORBIDDEN a feature. Or we could declare that
   * implementations are permitted to throw IAE if a hole is requested, and we could update
   * test*Hole to permit IAE. (But might this ignore genuine bugs?) But see the TODO above
   * testLower, which could make this all unnecessary
   */
  public static Method[] getHoleMethods() {

#
# The original version of this file is located in the https://github.com/istio/common-files repo.
# If you're looking at this file in a different repo and want to make a change, please go to the
# common-files repo, make the change there and check it in. Then come back to this repo and run
# "make update-common".

# Copyright Istio Authors
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package http

import (
	"context"
	"net"
	"time"
)

// LookupHost is a function to make custom lookupHost for optional cached DNS requests
type LookupHost func(ctx context.Context, host string) (addrs []string, err error)

// DialContextWithLookupHost is a helper function which returns `net.DialContext` function.

	v := ChecksumInfo{}
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		v.MarshalMsg(nil)
	}
}

func BenchmarkAppendMsgChecksumInfo(b *testing.B) {
	v := ChecksumInfo{}
	bts := make([]byte, 0, v.Msgsize())
	bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	b.SetBytes(int64(len(bts)))
	b.ReportAllocs()
	b.ResetTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		bts, _ = v.MarshalMsg(bts[0:0])
	}
}

Unfortunately, writing controllers is very error prone, even for seemingly simple cases.
To work around this, Istio has a variety of abstractions meant to make writing controllers easier.

## Clients

Istio offers a variety of increasingly high level abstractions on top of the common Kubernetes [`client-go`](https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go).

```mermaid
flowchart TD

    assertTrue(iter.hasNext());
    assertTrue(iter.hasNext());
    assertTrue(iter.hasNext());
    assertEquals(1, (int) iter.next());

    assertFalse(iter.hasNext());

    // Make sure computeNext() doesn't get invoked again
    assertFalse(iter.hasNext());

    assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, iter::next);
  }

  public void testDefaultBehaviorOfPeek() {
    /*

    assertTrue(iter.hasNext());
    assertTrue(iter.hasNext());
    assertTrue(iter.hasNext());
    assertEquals(1, (int) iter.next());

    assertFalse(iter.hasNext());

    // Make sure computeNext() doesn't get invoked again
    assertFalse(iter.hasNext());

    assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, iter::next);
  }

  public void testDefaultBehaviorOfPeek() {
    /*

	subStateless map[subHandlerID]*StatelessHandler
	subStreams   map[subHandlerID]*StreamHandler
}

func (h *handlers) init() {
	h.subSingle = make(map[subHandlerID]SingleHandlerFn)
	h.subStateless = make(map[subHandlerID]*StatelessHandler)
	h.subStreams = make(map[subHandlerID]*StreamHandler)
}

func (h *handlers) hasAny(id HandlerID) bool {
	if !id.valid() {
		return false
	}

	f, err := OsOpenFile(name, readMode, 0o666)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	defer f.Close()

	st, err := f.Stat()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	dst := make([]byte, st.Size())
	_, err = io.ReadFull(f, dst)
	return dst, st, err
}

// ReadFile reads the named file and returns the contents.
// A successful call returns err == nil, not err == EOF.