}

	return
}

// Omit specify fields that you want to ignore when creating, updating and querying
func (db *DB) Omit(columns ...string) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.getInstance()

	if len(columns) == 1 && strings.ContainsRune(columns[0], ',') {
		tx.Statement.Omits = strings.FieldsFunc(columns[0], utils.IsValidDBNameChar)
	} else {
		tx.Statement.Omits = columns
	}
	return
}

		"Toys":      user2.Toys,
		"Company":   user2.Company,
		"Manager":   user2.Manager,
		"Team":      user2.Team,
		"Languages": user2.Languages,
		"Friends":   user2.Friends,
	}

	DB.Model(&result).Omit("name", "updated_at").Updates(updateValues)

	var result2 User

	}

	if hamster2.OtherToy.ID != hamster.OtherToy.ID || hamster2.OtherToy.Name != hamster.OtherToy.Name {
		t.Errorf("Hamster's other toy failed to preload")
	}

	// clear to omit Toy.ID in count
	hamster2.PreferredToy = Toy{}
	hamster2.OtherToy = Toy{}

	if DB.Model(&hamster2).Association("PreferredToy").Count() != 1 {
		t.Errorf("Hamster's preferred toy count should be 1")
	}

* `tax: float = 10.5` has a default of `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` has a default of an empty list: `[]`.

but you might want to omit them from the result if they were not actually stored.

For example, if you have models with many optional attributes in a NoSQL database, but you don't want to send very long JSON responses full of default values.

* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains. To allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware.
* `www_redirect` - If set to True, requests to non-www versions of the allowed hosts will be redirected to their www counterparts. Defaults to `True`.

But the example here uses `PATCH` because it was created for these use cases.

///

/// note

Notice that the input model is still validated.

So, if you want to receive partial updates that can omit all the attributes, you need to have a model with all the attributes marked as optional (with default values or `None`).

    Adapters.usingTypeHint { typeHint ->
      when (typeHint) {
        // This type is pretty strange. The spec says that for certain algorithms we must encode null
        // when it is present, and for others we must omit it!
        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4055#section-2.1
        ObjectIdentifiers.SHA256_WITH_RSA_ENCRYPTION -> Adapters.NULL
        ObjectIdentifiers.RSA_ENCRYPTION -> Adapters.NULL

	}

	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 0, "after clear")
}

func TestHasOneAssociationWithSelect(t *testing.T) {
	user := *GetUser("hasone", Config{Account: true})

	DB.Omit("Account.Number").Create(&user)

	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Account", 1, "")

	var account Account
	DB.Model(&user).Association("Account").Find(&account)
	if account.Number != "" {

	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
}

func TestOmitWithCreate(t *testing.T) {
	user := *GetUser("omit_create", Config{Account: true, Pets: 3, Toys: 3, Company: true, Manager: true, Team: 3, Languages: 3, Friends: 4})
	DB.Omit("Account", "Toys", "Manager", "Birthday").Create(&user)

	var result User

		t.Fatal("expected errors to have occurred, but nothing happened")
	}
	if totalBatch != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("incorrect total batch, expected: %v, got: %v", 0, totalBatch)
	}

	if result := DB.Omit("id").Where("name = ?", users[0].Name).FindInBatches(&results, 2, func(tx *gorm.DB, batch int) error {
		totalBatch += batch
		return nil
	}); result.Error != gorm.ErrPrimaryKeyRequired {