* loader and prevent it from being garbage collected. This poses a problem for environments where
 * you want to throw away the class loader. For example, dynamically reloading a web application or
 * unloading an OSGi bundle.
 *
 * <p>{@code com.google.common.base.FinalizableReferenceQueue} loads this class in its own class
 * loader. That way, this class doesn't prevent the main class loader from getting garbage

This includes, for example:

* Email notifications sent after performing an action:
    * As connecting to an email server and sending an email tends to be "slow" (several seconds), you can return the response right away and send the email notification in the background.
* Processing data:

  }

  private boolean allBmp(String string) {
    // Ordinarily we'd use something like i += Character.charCount(string.codePointAt(i)) here. But
    // we can get away with i++ because the whole point of this method is to return false if we find
    // a code point that doesn't fit in a char.
    for (int i = 0; i < string.length(); i++) {
      if (string.codePointAt(i) > 0xffff) {

    assertThat(fingerprint(stringA.getBytes(UTF_8)))
        .isNotEqualTo(fingerprint(stringB.getBytes(UTF_8)));

    // ISO 8859-1 only has 0-255 (ubyte) representation so throws away UTF-8 characters
    // greater than 127 (ie with their top bit set).
    // Don't attempt to do this in real code.
    assertEquals(

In many cases it's not very obvious how environment variables would be useful and applicable right away. But they keep showing up in many different scenarios when you are developing, so it's good to know about them.

    assertThat(fingerprint(stringA.getBytes(UTF_8)))
        .isNotEqualTo(fingerprint(stringB.getBytes(UTF_8)));

    // ISO 8859-1 only has 0-255 (ubyte) representation so throws away UTF-8 characters
    // greater than 127 (ie with their top bit set).
    // Don't attempt to do this in real code.
    assertEquals(
        fingerprint(stringA.getBytes(ISO_8859_1)), fingerprint(stringB.getBytes(ISO_8859_1)));

    // duplicates; [2] a Builder.DuplicateKey that records the first duplicate key we encountered
    // for possible later use in exceptions, perhaps straight away.
    Object hashTablePlus = createHashTable(alternatingKeysAndValues, n, tableSize, 0);
    Object hashTable;
    if (hashTablePlus instanceof Object[]) {
      Object[] hashTableAndSizeAndDuplicate = (Object[]) hashTablePlus;

The benefit of raising an exception over returning a value will be more evident in the section about Dependencies and Security.

	createTx := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{}).Create(&user)
	if createTx.Error != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to prepare record due to %s, test cannot be continue", createTx.Error)
	}

	// create a new connection to keep away from other tests
	tx, err := OpenTestConnection(&gorm.Config{PrepareStmt: true})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to open test connection due to %s", err)
	}
	pdb, ok := tx.ConnPool.(*gorm.PreparedStmtDB)

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible
    Object writeReplace() {
    return super.writeReplace();
  }

  // This class is never actually serialized directly, but we have to make the
  // warning go away (and suppressing would suppress for all nested classes too)
  @GwtIncompatible @J2ktIncompatible private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;