assertNull(restriction.getUpperBound(), CHECK_UPPER_BOUND);
        assertFalse(restriction.isUpperBoundInclusive(), CHECK_UPPER_BOUND_INCLUSIVE);
        assertNull(range.getRecommendedVersion(), CHECK_VERSION_RECOMMENDATION);
        assertFalse(range.isSelectedVersionKnown(artifact), CHECK_SELECTED_VERSION_KNOWN);
        assertNull(range.getSelectedVersion(artifact), CHECK_SELECTED_VERSION);

        assertFalse(ssoManager.available());

        // Verify all operations return null
        assertNull(ssoManager.getLoginCredential());
        assertNull(ssoManager.getResponse(SsoResponseType.METADATA));
        assertNull(ssoManager.getResponse(SsoResponseType.LOGOUT));
        assertNull(ssoManager.logout(FessUserBean.empty()));
    }

    // Helper classes for testing

    }

    // Test default constructor
    public void test_constructor() {
        FacetInfo info = new FacetInfo();
        assertNull(info.field);
        assertNull(info.query);
        assertNull(info.size);
        assertNull(info.minDocCount);
        assertNull(info.sort);
        assertNull(info.missing);
    }

    // Test init method with various configurations
    public void test_init_withAllFields() {

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with both null message and cause
        SsoProcessException exception = new SsoProcessException(null, null);

        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    }

    public void test_encode() {
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode(null));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode(""));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode(" "));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode("{user}"));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode("{role}"));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode("{group}"));
        assertNull(permissionHelper.encode("(allow)"));

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals("Not Found: http://example.com/child Parent: http://example.com/parent", exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullParentUrl() {
        // Test with null parent URL
        String parentUrl = null;
        String url = "http://example.com/child";

        assertNull(paramMap.get("AaaBbbCcc")); // null
        assertNull(paramMap.get("aaabbbcc"));
        assertEquals("444", paramMap.get("ccc.ddd"));
        assertNull(paramMap.get("cccDdd"));
        assertNull(paramMap.get("DccDdd"));
    }

    public void test_camel_containsKey() {
        Map<Object, Object> paramMap = createCamelMap();

        assertFalse(paramMap.containsKey("xxx"));

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withLongUsername() {
        // Test with a very long username
        String username = "verylongusername".repeat(10);
        FessUserNotFoundException exception = new FessUserNotFoundException(username);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals("User is not found: " + username, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

        SmbNegotiation negotiationAllNull = new SmbNegotiation(null, null, null, null);

        assertNull(negotiationAllNull.getRequest());
        assertNull(negotiationAllNull.getResponse());
        assertNull(negotiationAllNull.getRequestRaw());
        assertNull(negotiationAllNull.getResponseRaw());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("getRequest should return the same request instance")

    assertNull(navigableMap.floorKey(k0()));
    assertNull(navigableMap.ceilingEntry(k0()));
    assertNull(navigableMap.ceilingKey(k0()));
    assertNull(navigableMap.higherEntry(k0()));
    assertNull(navigableMap.higherKey(k0()));
  }

  @CollectionSize.Require(ZERO)
  public void testEmptyMapLast() {
    assertNull(navigableMap.lastEntry());
  }

  @MapFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)