when(mockBuffer.dec_ndr_short()).thenReturn(100) // length
                    .thenReturn(0); // auth_value length

            message.decode_header(mockBuffer);

            assertEquals(DcerpcConstants.RPC_PT_RESPONSE, message.ptype);
            assertEquals(DcerpcConstants.RPC_C_PF_BROADCAST, message.flags);
            assertEquals(100, message.length);
            assertEquals(123, message.call_id);
        }

        // First: "" (sb becomes "")
        // Second: sb.length() is 0, no delimiter, append null (sb becomes "null")
        // Third: sb.length() > 0, add "-" + "value" (sb becomes "null-value")
        // Fourth: sb.length() > 0, add "-" + "" (sb becomes "null-value-")
        // Fifth: sb.length() > 0, add "-" + null (sb becomes "null-value--null")
        assertEquals("null-value--null", result);
    }

        // Expected size: 2 (info level) + 4 (reserved) + filename length + 1 (null terminator)
        byte[] dst = new byte[2 + 4 + filename.length() + 1];

        // When
        int bytesWritten = trans.writeParametersWireFormat(dst, 0);

        // Then
        assertEquals(dst.length, bytesWritten, "The number of bytes written should match the expected length.");
        // Check informationLevel

        // Information level defaults to BOTH_DIRECTORY_INFO (0x104) — check via parameters encoding
        byte[] buf = new byte[2 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 2 + filename.length() + 1];
        int n = next.writeParametersWireFormat(buf, 0);
        assertEquals(buf.length, n, "Parameter bytes written should match expected length");
        // informationLevel LE at offset 4..5
        assertEquals((byte) 0x04, buf[4]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x01, buf[5]);
    }

        final int length = src != null ? src.length : 0;
        if (length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        writeUShort(dest, offset, length);
        writeUShort(dest, offset + 2, length);
        writeULong(dest, offset + 4, bodyOffset);
        System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, bodyOffset, length);
    }

    static String getOEMEncoding() {

      .assertLogEqual("Content-Length: 3")
      .assertLogEqual("--> END POST")
      .assertLogMatch(Regex("""<-- 200 OK $url \(\d+ms\)"""))
      .assertLogEqual("Content-Length: 0")
      .assertLogEqual("<-- END HTTP")
      .assertNoMoreLogs()
    networkLogs
      .assertLogEqual("--> POST $url http/1.1")
      .assertLogEqual("Content-Length: 3")
      .assertLogEqual("Host: $host")

            // Simulate encoding a string
            offset += (s.length() * 2) + 4; // Length + null terminator + actual string
        }
    }

    // Test for LsarQosInfo
    @Test
    void testLsarQosInfoEncode() throws NdrException {
        lsarpc.LsarQosInfo qosInfo = new lsarpc.LsarQosInfo();
        qosInfo.length = 10;
        qosInfo.impersonation_level = 1;
        qosInfo.context_mode = 2;

        final byte[] nameBytes = this.fileName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_16LE);

        SMBUtil.writeInt4(nameBytes.length, dst, dstIndex);
        dstIndex += 4;

        System.arraycopy(nameBytes, 0, dst, dstIndex, nameBytes.length);
        dstIndex += nameBytes.length;

        return dstIndex - start;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @see jcifs.Encodable#size()
     */

     */
    MIEName(final byte[] buf) {
        int i;
        int len;
        if (buf.length < TOK_ID_SIZE + MECH_OID_LEN_SIZE) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        // TOK_ID
        for (i = 0; i < TOK_ID.length; i++) {
            if (TOK_ID[i] != buf[i]) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            }
        }

  private static long fingerprint(byte[] bytes) {
    return fingerprint(bytes, bytes.length);
  }

  /** Convenience method to compute a fingerprint on a subset of a byte array. */
  private static long fingerprint(byte[] bytes, int length) {
    return HASH_FN.hashBytes(bytes, 0, length).asLong();
  }

  /**