"test", "org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:" + SUREFIRE_PLUGIN_VERSION + ":test",
        "package", "org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-jar-plugin:" + JAR_PLUGIN_VERSION + ":jar,",
        "install", "org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-install-plugin:" + INSTALL_PLUGIN_VERSION + ":install",
        "deploy", "org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:" + DEPLOY_PLUGIN_VERSION + ":deploy"

 with its <<<DefaultArtifact>>> implementation ({{{./xref/org/apache/maven/artifact/DefaultArtifact.html}source}}).

 The jar file is executable and provides a little tool to display how Maven parses and compares versions:

+----+
$ java -jar maven-artifact-*.jar 3.2.4-alpha-1 3.2.4-SNAPSHOT 3.2.4.0
Display parameters as parsed by Maven (in canonical form) and comparison result:
1. 3.2.4-alpha-1 == 3.2.4.alpha.1

        assertEquals("", depArtifact.getClassifier());
        assertEquals("jar", depArtifact.getExtension());
        assertEquals("java", depArtifact.getProperty("language", null));
        assertEquals("jar", depArtifact.getProperty("type", null));
        assertEquals("true", depArtifact.getProperty("constitutesBuildPath", null));

        assertEquals(8, classes.size()); // "plexus.pom" and "junit.jar" are excluded.
        assertEquals(1, modules.size());
        assertEquals("plexus-1.0.11.pom", unresolved.get(0).getFileName().toString());
        assertEquals("test-extension-1.jar", classes.get(0).getFileName().toString());
        assertEquals("junit-4.13.1.jar", modules.get(0).getFileName().toString());
        assertTrue(paths.containsAll(classes));

        if ("JAR".equals(packaging)) {
            plugins = new LinkedHashSet<>();

            plugins.add(newPlugin("maven-compiler-plugin", "compile", "testCompile"));
            plugins.add(newPlugin("maven-resources-plugin", "resources", "testResources"));
            plugins.add(newPlugin("maven-surefire-plugin", "test"));
            plugins.add(newPlugin("maven-jar-plugin", "jar"));

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>maven-test</groupId>
  <artifactId>t05-c</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>maven-test</groupId>
      <artifactId>t05-d</artifactId>
      <version>1.1</version>
      <type>jar</type>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>maven-test</groupId>
  <artifactId>t08-c</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>maven-test</groupId>
      <artifactId>t08-d</artifactId>
      <version>1.1</version>
      <type>jar</type>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

under the License.
-->

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.apache.maven.lifecycle.test</groupId>
  <artifactId>project-basic</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>Test Project</name>
  <inceptionYear>2009</inceptionYear>

  <build>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

        repositorySystem = new TestRepositorySystem();
    }

    @Test
    void testCacheKey() throws Exception {
        Artifact a1 = repositorySystem.createArtifact("testGroup", "testArtifact", "1.2.3", "jar");
        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        ArtifactRepository lr1 = new DelegatingLocalArtifactRepository(repositorySystem.createDefaultLocalRepository());

    @Test
    void test() throws Exception {
        Files.walkFileTree(Paths.get("target"), new SimpleFileVisitor<Path>() {
            Pattern mavenArtifactJar = Pattern.compile("maven-artifact-[\\d.]+(-SNAPSHOT)?\\.jar");

            @Override
            public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
                String filename = file.getFileName().toString();