from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
    return commons


@app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):

```Python
say_hi(name=None)  # Це працює, None припустимий 🎉
```

Гарна новина: у більшості випадків ви зможете просто використовувати `|`, щоб визначати об'єднання типів:

```python
def say_hi(name: str | None):
    print(f"Hey {name}!")
```

from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    title: str
    timestamp: datetime
    description: str | None = None


app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{id}")
def update_item(id: str, item: Item):
    json_compatible_item_data = jsonable_encoder(item)

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str | None = None
    description: str | None = None
    price: float | None = None
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: list[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []},
}

from datetime import datetime

from pydantic import BaseModel


class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str = "John Doe"
    signup_ts: datetime | None = None
    friends: list[int] = []


external_data = {
    "id": "123",
    "signup_ts": "2017-06-01 12:22",
    "friends": [1, "2", b"3"],
}
user = User(**external_data)
print(user)

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
    return commons


@app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):

  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
}

.announce-wrapper #announce-left div.item {
  display: none;
}

.announce-wrapper #announce-right {
  display: none;
}

.announce-wrapper #announce-right div.item {
  display: none;
}

.announce-wrapper .sponsor-badge {
  display: block;
  position: absolute;
  top: -10px;
  right: 0;
  font-size: 0.5rem;

```Python
say_hi(name=None)  # Esto funciona, None es válido 🎉
```

La buena noticia es que, en la mayoría de los casos, podrás simplemente usar `|` para definir uniones de tipos:

```python
def say_hi(name: str | None):
    print(f"Hey {name}!")
```

```python
from typing import Union


def say_hi(name: Union[str, None]):
        print(f"Hi {name}!")
```

`typing` also has a shortcut to declare that something could be `None`, with `Optional`.

Here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:

* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]`
* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.

client = TestClient(app)


def test_function_scope() -> None:
    global_context.set({})
    global_state = global_context.get()
    with client.websocket_connect("/function-scope") as websocket:
        data = websocket.receive_json()
    assert data["is_open"] is True
    assert global_state["session_closed"] is True


def test_request_scope() -> None:
    global_context.set({})