// Messages should remain as provided
        assertEquals(message1, exception1.getMessage());
        assertEquals(message2, exception2.getMessage());

        // Messages should not be affected by cause
        assertFalse(exception1.getMessage().equals(exception2.getMessage()));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_longMessage() {
        // Test with very long message

        assertEquals(3, events.size());
        assertEquals("error 1", events.get(0).getMessage());
        assertEquals("error 2", events.get(1).getMessage());
        assertEquals("error 3", events.get(2).getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_append_warnAppender_errorEvent() {

        assertNotSame(exception1, exception2);
        assertFalse(exception1.getMessage().equals(exception2.getMessage()));
        assertEquals("User is not found: user1", exception1.getMessage());
        assertEquals("User is not found: user2", exception2.getMessage());
    }

        assertNotSame(exception2, exception3);
        assertNotSame(exception1, exception3);

        assertEquals("First instance", exception1.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Second instance", exception2.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Third instance", exception3.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_specialCharactersInMessage() {
        // Test with special characters in message

        assertEquals(originalException.getMessage(), deserializedException.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(deserializedException.getCause());
        assertEquals(originalException.getCause().getMessage(), deserializedException.getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_getMessage() {
        // Test getMessage() method
        String message = "Custom SSO error message";

        assertEquals("Top level GSA error", exception.getMessage());

        // Check first level cause
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Intermediate problem", exception.getCause().getMessage());

        // Check second level cause
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root problem", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Middle cause", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root cause", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_serialVersionUID() {

        assertEquals("Thumbnail generation error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Processing failed", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(innerCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Invalid image format", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_serialization() {

        assertEquals("Top level error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(intermediateCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Intermediate cause", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root cause", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_withLongMessage() {

        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, ex.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle null message and/or cause without throwing")
    void testNullInputs() {
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
            SpnegoException ex1 = new SpnegoException((String) null);
            assertNotNull(ex1);
            assertNull(ex1.getMessage());
            assertNull(ex1.getCause());