private static final Predicate<@Nullable String> NOT_LENGTH_3 =
      input -> input == null || input.length() != 3;
  private static final Predicate<@Nullable Integer> EVEN = input -> input == null || input % 2 == 0;
  static final Predicate<Entry<String, Integer>> CORRECT_LENGTH =
      input -> input.getKey().length() == input.getValue();

  abstract Map<String, Integer> createUnfiltered();

    void valueOfRejectsEmpty(String empty) {
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> RequestParam.valueOf(empty));
    }

    // Invalid: null is not allowed for valueOf
    @ParameterizedTest
    @NullSource
    @DisplayName("valueOf(null) throws NullPointerException")
    void valueOfRejectsNull(String input) {

    }

    public void test_distinct_singleElement() {
        // Test distinct with single element
        String[] input = new String[] { "element" };
        String[] result = invokeDistinct(input);
        assertSame(input, result);
    }

    public void test_distinct_noDuplicates() {
        // Test distinct with no duplicates
        String[] input = new String[] { "a", "b", "c" };

  }

  public void testHashIntReverseBytesVsHashBytesIntsToByteArray() {
    int input = 42;
    assertEquals(
        Hashing.md5().hashBytes(Ints.toByteArray(input)),
        Hashing.md5().hashInt(Integer.reverseBytes(input)));
  }

  public void testHashIntVsForLoop() {
    int input = 42;
    HashCode expected = Hashing.md5().hashInt(input);

    Hasher hasher = Hashing.md5().newHasher();

  private static final Predicate<@Nullable String> NOT_LENGTH_3 =
      input -> input == null || input.length() != 3;
  private static final Predicate<@Nullable Integer> EVEN = input -> input == null || input % 2 == 0;
  static final Predicate<Entry<String, Integer>> CORRECT_LENGTH =
      input -> input.getKey().length() == input.getValue();

  abstract Map<String, Integer> createUnfiltered();

  /**
   * Returns a {@code Collector} that accumulates elements into an {@code ImmutableSortedMultiset}
   * whose elements are the result of applying {@code elementFunction} to the inputs, with counts
   * equal to the result of applying {@code countFunction} to the inputs.
   *
   * <p>If the mapped elements contain duplicates (according to {@code comparator}), the first

     * @return the current column number
     */
    int getColumnNumber();

    /**
     * Return the byte or character offset into the input source this location
     * is pointing to. If the input source is a file or a byte stream then
     * this is the byte offset into that stream, but if the input source is
     * a character media then the offset is the character offset.
     * Returns -1 if there is no offset available.

     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 255, -1, 256, 65535 })
    void constructorMasksValue(int input) {
        NdrShort ns = new NdrShort(input);
        // NdrShort masks to 0xFF (8 bits) in its constructor
        int expected = input & 0xFF;
        assertEquals(expected, ns.value, "value should be masked to 0xFF before storing");
    }

    /**

  @Override
  public boolean readBoolean() throws IOException {
    return readUnsignedByte() != 0;
  }

  /**
   * Reads a byte from the input stream checking that the end of file (EOF) has not been
   * encountered.
   *
   * @return byte read from input
   * @throws IOException if an error is encountered while reading
   * @throws EOFException if the end of file (EOF) is encountered.
   */

    /**
     * Apply a transformation on the file model.
     *
     * This method will be called on each file model being loaded,
     * just before validation.
     *
     * @param model the input model
     * @return the transformed model, or the input model if no transformation is needed
     * @throws ModelTransformerException
     */
    @Nonnull
    default Model transformFileModel(@Nonnull Model model) throws ModelTransformerException {