"loc": ["body", "grant_type"],
                    "msg": "field required",
                    "type": "value_error.missing",
                }
            ]
        }
    )


def test_strict_login_incorrect_grant_type():
    response = client.post(
        "/login",
        data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "secret", "grant_type": "incorrect"},
    )

                    "loc": ["body", "grant_type"],
                    "msg": "field required",
                    "type": "value_error.missing",
                }
            ]
        }
    )


def test_strict_login_incorrect_grant_type():
    response = client.post(
        "/login",
        data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "secret", "grant_type": "incorrect"},
    )

                    "loc": ["body", "grant_type"],
                    "msg": "field required",
                    "type": "value_error.missing",
                }
            ]
        }
    )


def test_strict_login_incorrect_grant_type():
    response = client.post(
        "/login",
        data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "secret", "grant_type": "incorrect"},
    )

                sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic
                auth.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
    ):
        self.grant_type = grant_type
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.scopes = scope.split()
        self.client_id = client_id
        self.client_secret = client_secret

Request

```
curl -u <CLIENT_ID>:<CLIENT_SECRET> -k -d "grant_type=client_credentials" -H "Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" https://<IS_HOST>:<IS_HTTPS_PORT>/oauth2/token
```

Example:

```
curl -u PoEgXP6uVO45IsENRngDXj5Au5Ya:eKsw6z8CtOJVBtrOWvhRWL4TUCga -k -d "grant_type=client_credentials" -H "Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" https://localhost:9443/oauth2/token
```

	flag.StringVar(&clientID, "cid", "", "Client ID")
	flag.StringVar(&clientSecret, "csec", "", "Client secret")
}

func getTokenExpiry() (*credentials.ClientGrantsToken, error) {
	data := url.Values{}
	data.Set("grant_type", "client_credentials")
	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, idpEndpoint, strings.NewReader(data.Encode()))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")

                basic_auth='%s:%s' % (self.cid, self.csec))['authorization']

            response = self._http.urlopen('POST', self.idp_ep,
                                          body="grant_type=client_credentials",
                                          headers=headers,
                                          preload_content=True,
                                          )
            if response.status != 200:

@app.route('/oauth2/callback')
def callback():
    error = request.args.get('error', '')
    if error:
        return "Error: " + error

    authorization_code = request.args.get('code')

    data = {'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
            'code': authorization_code, 'redirect_uri': callback_uri}
    id_token_response = requests.post(
        token_url, data=data, verify=False,

func (k *KeycloakProvider) LoginWithClientID(clientID, clientSecret string) error {
	values := url.Values{}
	values.Set("client_id", clientID)
	values.Set("client_secret", clientSecret)
	values.Set("grant_type", "client_credentials")

	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, k.oeConfig.TokenEndpoint, strings.NewReader(values.Encode()))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!}
```

`OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 是用以下几项内容声明表单请求体的类依赖项：

* `username`
* `password`
* 可选的 `scope` 字段，由多个空格分隔的字符串组成的长字符串
* 可选的 `grant_type`

!!! tip "提示"

    实际上，OAuth2 规范*要求* `grant_type` 字段使用固定值 `password`，但 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 没有作强制约束。

    如需强制使用固定值 `password`，则不要用 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm`，而是用 `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict`。

* 可选的 `client_id`（本例未使用）