import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status
from fastapi.security import (
    OAuth2PasswordBearer,
    OAuth2PasswordRequestForm,
    SecurityScopes,
)
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32

      // actual response status.
      code == 100 -> true

      // Handle Processing (102) & Early Hints (103) and any new codes without failing
      // 100 and 101 are the exceptions with different meanings
      // But Early Hints not currently exposed
      code in (102 until 200) -> true

      else -> false
    }

from typing import Annotated, Union

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32

✋️ 💼 👆 💪 ⚫️ 🏧 😐, 👆 💪 🚮 🛃 🎚:

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!}
```

## ❎ 🛃 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺

👆 💪 🚮 🛃 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 ⏮️ <a href="https://www.starlette.io/exceptions/" class="external-link" target="_blank">🎏 ⚠ 🚙 ⚪️➡️ 💃</a>.

➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 🛃 ⚠ `UnicornException` 👈 👆 (⚖️ 🗃 👆 ⚙️) 💪 `raise`.

&amp; 👆 💚 🍵 👉 ⚠ 🌐 ⏮️ FastAPI.

👆 💪 🚮 🛃 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 ⏮️ `@app.exception_handler()`:

一般情况下可能不会需要在代码中直接使用响应头。

但对于某些高级应用场景，还是需要添加自定义响应头：

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!}

```

## 安装自定义异常处理器

添加自定义处理器，要使用 [Starlette 的异常工具](https://www.starlette.io/exceptions/)。

假设要触发的自定义异常叫作 `UnicornException`。

且需要 FastAPI 实现全局处理该异常。

此时，可以用 `@app.exception_handler()` 添加自定义异常控制器：

```Python hl_lines="5-7  13-18  24"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!}

from typing import Union

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32

from typing import Annotated

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32

   * {@code view} returned by this method will be invalidated, and will throw {@code
   * IllegalStateException} if it is accessed in any way, with the following exceptions:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>{@code view.equals(view)} evaluates to {@code true} (but any other {@code equals()}
   *       expression involving {@code view} will throw)
   *   <li>{@code hashCode()} does not throw

documentation source, and configuration files.

"Secondary License" means either the GNU General Public License,
Version 2.0, or any later versions of that license, including any
exceptions or additional permissions as identified by the initial
Contributor.

2. GRANT OF RIGHTS

  a) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each Contributor hereby

		return false
	}

	switch c {
	case '-', '_', '.', '/', '*':
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// s3URLEncode is based on Golang's url.QueryEscape() code,
// while considering some S3 exceptions:
//   - Avoid encoding '/' and '*'
//   - Force encoding of '~'
func s3URLEncode(s string) string {
	spaceCount, hexCount := 0, 0
	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
		c := s[i]
		if shouldEscape(c) {