1. Creating a PR and observing the presubmit test results
2. Running the CI scripts locally, as explained below
3. **Google employees only**: Google employees can use an internal-only tool
called "MLCI" that makes testing more convenient: it can execute any full CI job
against a pending change. Search for "MLCI" internally to find it.

You may invoke a CI script of your choice by following these instructions:

```bash

// using octal encoding with the appropriate NUL terminator.
func fitsInOctal(n int, x int64) bool {
	octBits := uint(n-1) * 3
	return x >= 0 && (n >= 22 || x < 1<<octBits)
}

// parsePAXTime takes a string of the form %d.%d as described in the PAX
// specification. Note that this implementation allows for negative timestamps,
// which is allowed for by the PAX specification, but not always portable.

/// info | `@decorator` Info

That `@something` syntax in Python is called a "decorator".

You put it on top of a function. Like a pretty decorative hat (I guess that's where the term came from).

A "decorator" takes the function below and does something with it.

In our case, this decorator tells **FastAPI** that the function below corresponds to the **path** `/` with an **operation** `get`.

It is the "**path operation decorator**".

Call             Type T            Result

make(T, n)       slice             slice of type T with length n and capacity n
make(T, n, m)    slice             slice of type T with length n and capacity m

make(T)          map               map of type T
make(T, n)       map               map of type T with initial space for approximately n elements

make(T)          channel           unbuffered channel of type T

      purge:
          # retainVersions: 0 # (default) delete all versions of the object. This option is the fastest.
          # retainVersions: 5 # keep the latest 5 versions of the object including delete markers.

  notify:
    endpoint: https://notify.endpoint # notification endpoint to receive job completion status
    token: Bearer xxxxx # optional authentication token for the notification endpoint
  
  retry:

   * on the fields of TimeoutFuture. This field is slightly different from the fields discussed
   * there: cancel() never reads this field, only writes to it. That makes the race here completely
   * harmless, rather than just 99.99% harmless.
   */
  @LazyInit private @Nullable List<@Nullable Present<V>> values;

# license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

# Rules for building and testing new FIPS snapshots.
# For example:
#
#	make v1.2.3.zip
#	make v1.2.3.test
#
# and then if changes are needed, check them into master
# and run 'make v1.2.3.rm' and repeat.
#
# Note that once published a snapshot zip file should never
# be modified. We record the sha256 hashes of the zip files

     */
    public void setPriority(final int priority) {
        this.priority = priority;
    }

    /**
     * Registers this ingester with the ingest factory.
     * This makes the ingester available for processing documents.
     */
    public void register() {
        getIngestFactory().add(this);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the ingest factory instance for managing ingesters.
     *

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

But FastAPI (actually Starlette) provides a simpler way to do it that makes sure that the internal middlewares handle server errors and custom exception handlers work properly.

For that, you use `app.add_middleware()` (as in the example for CORS).

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI

is the name <code>foo</code> as an address in memory.
This form is used to name global functions and data.
Adding <code>&lt;&gt;</code> to the name, as in <span style="white-space: nowrap"><code>foo&lt;&gt;(SB)</code></span>, makes the name
visible only in the current source file, like a top-level <code>static</code> declaration in a C file.
Adding an offset to the name refers to that offset from the symbol's address, so