if (arg == null) {
      throw new ParameterNotInstantiableException(param);
    }
    return arg;
  }

  private static <X extends Throwable> void throwFirst(List<X> exceptions) throws X {
    if (!exceptions.isEmpty()) {
      throw exceptions.get(0);
    }
  }

  /** Factories with the least number of parameters are listed first. */

        assertTrue(output.contains("true"));

        // Test close
        logStream.close();
        // After close, the stream should not accept more writes
        // but PrintStream doesn't throw exceptions on write after close
    }

    @Test
    void testConcurrentAccess() throws InterruptedException {
        // Test thread safety of getInstance
        LogStream.setInstance(testStream);

        assertTrue(outputStream instanceof ByteArrayOutputStream);
    }

    public void test_getXContentString_success() {
        // Test that getXContentString method exists and handles exceptions properly
        ToXContent xContent = new ToXContent() {
            @Override
            public XContentBuilder toXContent(XContentBuilder builder, Params params) throws IOException {

   *
   * <p>There is no guaranteed ordering of execution of listeners, but any listener added through
   * this method is guaranteed to be called once the computation is complete.
   *
   * <p>Exceptions thrown by a listener will be propagated up to the executor. Any exception thrown
   * during {@code Executor.execute} (e.g., a {@code RejectedExecutionException} or an exception

            throw new ThemeException("Theme name is empty: " + artifact);
        }
        return themeName;
    }

    /**
     * Recursively deletes a directory and all its contents.
     * Does not throw exceptions, only logs warnings if deletion fails.
     *
     * @param dir the directory to delete
     */
    protected void closeQuietly(final Path dir) {
        if (Files.notExists(dir)) {

        assertTrue(UniAddress.isAllDigits(""), "isAllDigits should return true for empty string (no non-digits)");
    }

    /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     * 4. Exceptions from static methods that don't resolve without stubbing
     * --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    @Test
    void getAllByNameRejectsNullOrEmptyHostname() {

        verify(mockChannelManager, atLeast(1)).establishReplacementChannel();
    }

    @Test
    void testShutdown() {
        failover.shutdown();

        // Should not throw any exceptions
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> failover.shutdown());
    }

    @Test
    void testConcurrentFailureHandling() throws InterruptedException {
        IOException error = new IOException("Connection failed");

            });
            threads[i].start();
        }

        for (Thread thread : threads) {
            thread.join(1000);
        }

        // Should complete without exceptions
    }

        assertEquals(longMessage, exception.getMessage());
        assertFalse(exception.aborted());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNestedExceptions() {
        // Test with nested exceptions
        String url = "http://example.com/test";
        String message = "Outer error message";
        Exception innerCause = new IllegalArgumentException("Inner cause");

                }, StringIndexOutOfBoundsException.class));
    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}")
    @MethodSource("invalidBuffers")
    @DisplayName("Invalid buffers throw appropriate exceptions")
    void invalidInputsThrow(String name, Object bufferSupplierOrBytes, Class<? extends Throwable> expected) {
        // Arrange
        byte[] buf;
        if (bufferSupplierOrBytes instanceof byte[]) {