mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.header_param_models.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client


def test_header_param_model(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get(
        "/items/",
        headers=[
            ("save-data", "true"),
            ("if-modified-since", "yesterday"),
            ("traceparent", "123"),
            ("x-tag", "one"),

[kubernetes-client-linux-386.tar.gz](https://dl.k8s.io/v1.6.13/kubernetes-client-linux-386.tar.gz) | `a2fb4f6a68581ef5aaf4dc2e0d4bc10c432007f88c82c97e236e27b482fc77fa`
[kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz](https://dl.k8s.io/v1.6.13/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz) | `d94f999c6a7bcda4e0901399d7613eba237c2f0632df9317a59d87097ba59cda`

    return ModelDefaults(x=None, y="y")


client = TestClient(app)


def test_return_defaults():
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.json() == {"sub": {}}


def test_return_exclude_unset():
    response = client.get("/exclude_unset")
    assert response.json() == {"x": None, "y": "y"}


def test_return_exclude_defaults():
    response = client.get("/exclude_defaults")
    assert response.json() == {}

)


def test_index():
    client = TestClient(app)
    with client.websocket_connect("/") as websocket:
        data = json.loads(websocket.receive_text())
        assert data == ["app", "index"]


def test_routerindex():
    client = TestClient(app)
    with client.websocket_connect("/router") as websocket:
        data = json.loads(websocket.receive_text())

    @router.get("/hello/")
    def hello_page() -> str:
        return "Hello, World!"

    app.include_router(router)

    client = TestClient(app)

    response = client.get("/hello/", follow_redirects=False)
    assert response.status_code == 200

    response = client.get("/hello", follow_redirects=False)
    assert response.status_code == 307


def test_redirect_slashes_disabled():

Es gibt viele Situationen, in denen Sie einem Client, der Ihre API nutzt, einen Fehler mitteilen müssen.

Dieser Client könnte ein Browser mit einem Frontend sein, ein Code von jemand anderem, ein IoT-Gerät usw.

Sie könnten dem Client mitteilen müssen, dass:

* Der Client nicht genügend Berechtigungen für diese Operation hat.
* Der Client keinen Zugriff auf diese Ressource hat.
* Die Ressource, auf die der Client versucht hat, zuzugreifen, nicht existiert.

### Client Binaries

filename | sha512 hash
-------- | -----------
[kubernetes-client-darwin-amd64.tar.gz](https://dl.k8s.io/v1.22.17/kubernetes-client-darwin-amd64.tar.gz) | d5362f67b1e3730b00ced11be8ac5415d6a0ca7ea4211422530f71e28a2d944fd7fc76949c3fbf0babb72dce4f13be8c383acb20b2b96f63cf3c4442e0b8ec44

### Client Binaries

filename | sha512 hash
-------- | -----------
[kubernetes-client-darwin-amd64.tar.gz](https://dl.k8s.io/v1.23.17/kubernetes-client-darwin-amd64.tar.gz) | 5ce19fcaa82dc4794e804650835495aa49ee6edd9509536384804e9aebf29e34a152c077d25605abcac391dfcab6fa98c3b911bb8e7863193f8e62875836315c

    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.header_param_models.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    client.headers.clear()
    return client


def test_header_param_model(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get(
        "/items/",
        headers=[
            ("save-data", "true"),
            ("if-modified-since", "yesterday"),
            ("traceparent", "123"),

@pytest.mark.parametrize("json", [None, {}])
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/required-str", "/model-required-str"],
)
def test_required_str_missing(path: str, json: Union[dict[str, Any], None]):
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.post(path, json=json)
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == {
        "detail": [
            {
                "type": "missing",