It's all based on standard **Python type** declarations (thanks to Pydantic). No new syntax to learn. Just standard modern Python.

If you need a 2 minute refresher of how to use Python types (even if you don't use FastAPI), check the short tutorial: [Python Types](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

You write standard Python with types:

```Python
from datetime import date

from pydantic import BaseModel

 *       SHORT is always discriminable from zero time, and always allows enough time for the small
 *       amounts of computation (creating a thread, calling a few methods, etc) needed to reach a
 *       timeout point. Similarly, a SMALL is always discriminable as larger than SHORT and smaller

    sink.putBytes(new byte[] {8});
    HashCode unused = sink.hash();
    sink.assertInvariants(8);
    sink.assertBytes(expected);
  }

  public void testShort() {
    Sink sink = new Sink(4);
    sink.putShort((short) 0x0201);
    HashCode unused = sink.hash();
    sink.assertInvariants(2);
    sink.assertBytes(new byte[] {1, 2, 0, 0}); // padded with zeros
  }

  public void testInt() {
    Sink sink = new Sink(4);

        StringBuilder.class,
        Pattern.class,
        MatchResult.class,
        Number.class,
        int.class,
        Integer.class,
        long.class,
        Long.class,
        short.class,
        Short.class,
        byte.class,
        Byte.class,
        boolean.class,
        Boolean.class,
        char.class,
        Character.class,
        int[].class,
        Object[].class,

    public int dec_ndr_small() {
        int val = buf[index] & 0xFF;
        advance(1);
        return val;
    }
    public void enc_ndr_short(int s) {
        align(2);
        Encdec.enc_uint16le((short)s, buf, index);
        advance(2);
    }
    public int dec_ndr_short() {
        align(2);
        int val = Encdec.dec_uint16le(buf, index);
        advance(2);
        return val;
    }

 * the same injector is immediately matched to this explicit binding, which means extensions
 * cannot override this binding. This is because the lookup is always short-circuited in this
 * specific situation (plain @Inject request, and plain explicit binding for the same type.)
 *
 * The simplest solution is to use a custom @Named here so it isn't bound under the plain key.

# Run a Server Manually

## Use the `fastapi run` Command

In short, use `fastapi run` to serve your FastAPI application:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ <font color="#4E9A06">fastapi</font> run <u style="text-decoration-style:single">main.py</u>
<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Using path <font color="#3465A4">main.py</font>

	lengths := make([]int, 0) // lengths to test in ascending order
	for i := 0; i <= 128; i++ {
		lengths = append(lengths, i)
	}
	lengths = append(lengths, 256, 512, 1024, 1333, 4095, 4096, 4097)

	if !testing.Short() {
		lengths = append(lengths, 65535, 65536, 65537, 99999)
	}

	n := lengths[len(lengths)-1]
	a := make([]byte, n+1)
	b := make([]byte, n+1)
	for _, len := range lengths {

}

func lcp(strs []string, pre bool) string {
	// short-circuit empty list
	if len(strs) == 0 {
		return ""
	}
	xfix := strs[0]
	// short-circuit single-element list
	if len(strs) == 1 {
		return xfix
	}
	// compare first to rest
	for _, str := range strs[1:] {
		xfixl := len(xfix)
		strl := len(str)
		// short-circuit empty strings
		if xfixl == 0 || strl == 0 {
			return ""
		}

#### Fix it with `secrets.compare_digest()`

But in our code we are actually using `secrets.compare_digest()`.

In short, it will take the same time to compare `stanleyjobsox` to `stanleyjobson` than it takes to compare `johndoe` to `stanleyjobson`. And the same for the password.