In fact, you can return any `Response` or any sub-class of it.

/// tip

`JSONResponse` itself is a sub-class of `Response`.

///

And when you return a `Response`, **FastAPI** will pass it directly.

It won't do any data conversion with Pydantic models, it won't convert the contents to any type, etc.

      /*
       * Using weak references here could let us release exceptions earlier, but:
       *
       * 1. On Android, querying a WeakReference blocks if the GC is doing an otherwise-concurrent
       * pass.
       *
       * 2. We would probably choose to compare exceptions using == instead of equals() (for
       * consistency with how weak references are cleared). That's a behavior change -- arguably the

    void createContext_edge_parameters_ok() throws Exception {
        TestCredentials creds = new TestCredentials("D", false, false, new Subject(), false);
        // Intentionally pass null/empty values for optional parameters; expect no exception
        SSPContext ctx1 = creds.createContext(mockContext, null, "", null, false);
        assertNotNull(ctx1);
    }

    @Nested

* declare the path parameter `item_id` using `Path`
* have them in a different order
* not use `Annotated`

...Python has a little special syntax for that.

Pass `*`, as the first parameter of the function.

 *       create a "fake" converter for a unit test. It is unnecessary (and confusing) to <i>mock</i>
 *       the {@code Converter} type using a mocking framework.
 *   <li>Pass two lambda expressions or method references to the {@link #from from} factory method.
 *   <li>Extend this class and implement its {@link #doForward} and {@link #doBackward} methods.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Using a converter:
 *

  val windows: Boolean
    get() = System.getProperty("os.name", "?").startsWith("Windows")

  /**
   * Make assertions about the suppressed exceptions on this. Prefer this over making direct calls
   * so tests pass on GraalVM, where suppressed exceptions are silently discarded.
   *
   * https://github.com/oracle/graal/issues/3008
   */
  @JvmStatic

    writer.println("rud a chur ar an méar fhada");
    writer.close();

    // First check that we can't find it without setting the context loader.
    // This is a sanity check that the test doesn't spuriously pass because
    // the resource is visible to the system class loader.
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Resources.getResource(tempFile.getName()));

{* ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py hl[32] *}

### Using Pydantic's `update` parameter { #using-pydantics-update-parameter }

Now, you can create a copy of the existing model using `.model_copy()`, and pass the `update` parameter with a `dict` containing the data to update.

/// info

In Pydantic v1 the method was called `.copy()`, it was deprecated (but still supported) in Pydantic v2, and renamed to `.model_copy()`.

 * verify() method, which is called after each sequence and is guaranteed to be called
 * using the latest values obtained from {@link IteratorTester#newTargetIterator()}.
 *
 * <p>The value you pass to the parameter {@code steps} should be greater than the length of your
 * iterator, so that this class can check that your iterator behaves correctly when it is exhausted.
 *

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[5,9,13,47,65,106,108:116,122:125,129:135,140,156] *}

Agora vamos revisar essas mudanças passo a passo.

## Esquema de segurança OAuth2

A primeira mudança é que agora nós estamos declarando o esquema de segurança OAuth2 com dois escopos disponíveis, `me` e `items`.