为了解决这个问题，我们首先将 `username` 和 `password` 转换为使用 UTF-8 编码的 `bytes` 。

然后我们可以使用 `secrets.compare_digest()` 来确保 `credentials.username` 是 `"stanleyjobson"`，且 `credentials.password` 是`"swordfish"`。

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py310.py hl[1,12:24] *}

这类似于：

```Python
if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):

     *
     * @param userCode the unique code identifying the user
     * @param favoriteLogLambda a lambda function that accepts UserInfo and FavoriteLog to populate the favorite log data
     * @return true if the URL was successfully added to favorites, false if the user was not found
     */
    public boolean addUrl(final String userCode, final BiConsumer<UserInfo, FavoriteLog> favoriteLogLambda) {

        assertTrue(testLdapManager.applyCalled);
    }

    // Helper method to create test user
    private User createTestUser(String username, String password) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setName(username);
        user.setPassword(password);
        user.setRoles(new String[] { "role1", "role2" });
        user.setGroups(new String[] { "group1", "group2" });
        return user;

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(username: str = Form(), password: str = Form()):

    }

    /**
     * Gets user information.
     *
     * @param userCode The user code.
     * @return The user information.
     */
    public OptionalEntity<UserInfo> getUserInfo(final String userCode) {
        if (StringUtil.isNotBlank(userCode)) {
            try {
                return OptionalEntity.of(userInfoCache.get(userCode));
            } catch (final ExecutionException e) {

app = FastAPI()

oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: str | None = None
    full_name: str | None = None
    disabled: bool | None = None


def fake_decode_token(token):
    return User(
        username=token + "fakedecoded", email="******@****.***", full_name="John Doe"
    )

app = FastAPI()

oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: str | None = None
    full_name: str | None = None
    disabled: bool | None = None


def fake_decode_token(token):
    return User(
        username=token + "fakedecoded", email="******@****.***", full_name="John Doe"
    )

# 패스워드와 Bearer를 이용한 간단한 OAuth2 { #simple-oauth2-with-password-and-bearer }

이제 이전 장에서 빌드하고 누락된 부분을 추가하여 완전한 보안 흐름을 갖도록 하겠습니다.

## `username`와 `password` 얻기 { #get-the-username-and-password }

**FastAPI** 보안 유틸리티를 사용하여 `username` 및 `password`를 가져올 것입니다.

OAuth2는 (우리가 사용하고 있는) "패스워드 플로우"을 사용할 때 클라이언트/유저가 `username` 및 `password` 필드를 폼 데이터로 보내야 함을 지정합니다.

그리고 사양에는 필드의 이름을 그렇게 지정해야 한다고 나와 있습니다. 따라서 `user-name` 또는 `email`은 작동하지 않습니다.

        private final String username;
        private final String password;

        public TestLoginCredential(String username, String password) {
            this.username = username;
            this.password = password;
        }

        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }

        public String getPassword() {
            return password;

                                    <label for="username" class="col-sm-3 text-sm-right col-form-label"><la:message
                                            key="labels.webauth_username"/></label>
                                    <div class="col-sm-9">
                                        <la:errors property="username"/>
                                        <la:text styleId="username" property="username" styleClass="form-control"/>