}

    /**
     * Encodes a URL by encoding non-URL-safe characters.
     * Uses the request's character encoding if available, otherwise defaults to UTF-8.
     * Only encodes characters that are not considered URL-safe according to CharUtil.
     *
     * @param url the URL to encode
     * @return the encoded URL with non-URL-safe characters properly encoded
     */
    public static String encodeUrl(final String url) {

var errSftpCertWithoutPrincipals = errors.New("certificates without principal(s) are not accepted")

// error returned when group name contains reserved characters

  @BeforeExperiment
  public void setUp() {
    // precalculate some random strings of ascii characters.
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    Random random = new Random(0xdeadbeef); // for unpredictable but reproducible behavior
    sb.ensureCapacity(size);
    for (int k = 0; k < size; k++) {
      // [9-127) includes all ascii non-control characters
      sb.append((char) (random.nextInt(127 - 9) + 9));
    }
    data = sb.toString();

            assertFalse("Should return empty for locale: " + locale, result.isPresent());
        }
    }

    public void test_provide_withSpecialCharacters() {
        // Test classification names with special characters
        assertProvideThrowsException("Test@Classification");
        assertProvideThrowsException("Test#Classification");
        assertProvideThrowsException("Test$Classification");

        assertNull(user.getName());

        // Test with special characters in name
        user = new TestFessUser("******@****.***", new String[] {}, new String[] {}, new String[] {});
        assertEquals("******@****.***", user.getName());

        // Test with Unicode characters
        user = new TestFessUser("ユーザー名", new String[] {}, new String[] {}, new String[] {});

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a {@code HashCode} from a hexadecimal ({@code base 16}) encoded string. The string must
   * be at least 2 characters long, and contain only valid, lower-cased hexadecimal characters.
   *
   * <p>This method accepts the exact format generated by {@link #toString}. If you require more

      into.putBytes(from);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Funnels.byteArrayFunnel()";
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a funnel that extracts the characters from a {@code CharSequence}, a character at a
   * time, without performing any encoding. If you need to use a specific encoding, use {@link
   * Funnels#stringFunnel(Charset)} instead.
   *

      into.putBytes(from);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Funnels.byteArrayFunnel()";
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a funnel that extracts the characters from a {@code CharSequence}, a character at a
   * time, without performing any encoding. If you need to use a specific encoding, use {@link
   * Funnels#stringFunnel(Charset)} instead.
   *

            assertEquals(longMessage, exception.getMessage());
        });

        // Test message with special characters
        String specialMessage = "Error: ñoñ-ASCII çhárácters & symbols!@#$%^&*()";
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
            RuntimeCIFSException exception = new RuntimeCIFSException(specialMessage);

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withSpecialCharacters() {
        // Test constructor with special characters
        String type = "Token-Type_123!@#";
        String message = "Error: Token contains special characters <>&\"'";
        InvalidAccessTokenException exception = new InvalidAccessTokenException(type, message);

        assertEquals(type, exception.getType());