```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+ Alternative

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b_py39.py!}
```

////

#### `Union` oder `Optional` verwenden? { #using-union-or-optional }

* Show a **clear error** for the client when the data is not valid
* **Document** the parameter in the OpenAPI schema *path operation* (so it will show up in the **automatic docs UI**)

## Alternative (old): `Query` as the default value { #alternative-old-query-as-the-default-value }

# Custom Request and APIRoute class { #custom-request-and-apiroute-class }

In some cases, you may want to override the logic used by the `Request` and `APIRoute` classes.

In particular, this may be a good alternative to logic in a middleware.

For example, if you want to read or manipulate the request body before it is processed by your application.

/// danger

This is an "advanced" feature.

# Clase personalizada de Request y APIRoute { #custom-request-and-apiroute-class }

En algunos casos, puede que quieras sobrescribir la lógica utilizada por las clases `Request` y `APIRoute`.

En particular, esta puede ser una buena alternativa a la lógica en un middleware.

Por ejemplo, si quieres leer o manipular el request body antes de que sea procesado por tu aplicación.

/// danger | Advertencia

Esta es una funcionalidad "avanzada".

    checkHelperVersion(getClass().getClassLoader(), "SafeAtomicHelper");
    checkHelperVersion(NO_ATOMIC_FIELD_UPDATER, "SynchronizedAtomicHelper");

    // Then, run the actual tests under each alternative classloader:

    runTestMethod(NO_ATOMIC_FIELD_UPDATER);
    // TODO(lukes): assert that the logs are full of errors
  }

  /**

   * interned, and so does not prevent these instances from being garbage-collected. This most
   * likely does not perform as well as {@link #newStrongInterner}, but is the best alternative when
   * the memory usage of that implementation is unacceptable.
   */
  @GwtIncompatible("java.lang.ref.WeakReference")
  public static <E> Interner<E> newWeakInterner() {
    return newBuilder().weak().build();

Sie wird direkt in FastAPI importiert/inkludiert, sodass Sie sie von `fastapi` importieren können und vermeiden, versehentlich das alternative `BackgroundTask` (ohne das `s` am Ende) von `starlette.background` zu importieren.

## Documentação alternativa da API { #alternative-api-docs }

E você também pode ir para <a href="http://192.168.99.100/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/redoc</a> ou <a href="http://127.0.0.1/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/redoc</a> (ou equivalente, usando seu host Docker).

  - resources/index.md
  - help-fastapi.md
  - contributing.md
  - project-generation.md
  - external-links.md
  - newsletter.md
  - management-tasks.md
- About:
  - about/index.md
  - alternatives.md
  - history-design-future.md
  - benchmarks.md
  - management.md
- release-notes.md
markdown_extensions:
  material.extensions.preview:
    targets:
      include:
      - '*'
  abbr: null

    assertThat(okHttpCertificate.tbsCertificate.validity).isEqualTo(Validity(-1000L, 2000L))
    assertThat(okHttpCertificate.tbsCertificate.serialNumber).isEqualTo(BigInteger("17"))
  }

  @Test
  fun `missing subject alternative names`() {
    val certificate =
      HeldCertificate
        .Builder()
        .certificateAuthority(3)
        .commonName("Jurassic Park")
        .organizationalUnit("Gene Research")