containing an IP address we must match that address against the URL's IP address, even when the
    two addresses are encoded differently, such as `192.168.1.1` and `0::0:0:FFFF:C0A8:101`. Note
    that OkHttp incorrectly rejected valid certificates resulting in a failure to connect; at no
    point were invalid certificates accepted.

```

## Einen `websocket` erstellen

Erstellen Sie in Ihrer **FastAPI**-Anwendung einen `websocket`:

```Python hl_lines="1  46-47"
{!../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// note | "Technische Details"

Sie können auch `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket` verwenden.

⚫️ 🔜 🔬 🗄 ⏮️ `anyOf`.

👈, ⚙️ 🐩 🐍 🆎 🔑 <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" class="external-link" target="_blank">`typing.Union`</a>:

/// note

🕐❔ ⚖ <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/#unions" class="external-link" target="_blank">`Union`</a>, 🔌 🏆 🎯 🆎 🥇, ⏩ 🌘 🎯 🆎. 🖼 🔛, 🌖 🎯 `PlaneItem` 👟 ⏭ `CarItem` `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]`.

///

{!../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

이 경우 함수 매개변수 `q`는 선택적이며 기본값으로 `None` 값이 됩니다.

/// check | "확인"

**FastAPI**는 `item_id`가 경로 매개변수이고 `q`는 경로 매개변수가 아닌 쿼리 매개변수라는 것을 알 정도로 충분히 똑똑합니다.

///

/// note | "참고"

FastAPI는 `q`가 `= None`이므로 선택적이라는 것을 인지합니다.

`Union[str, None]`에 있는 `Union`은 FastAPI(FastAPI는 `str` 부분만 사용합니다)가 사용하는게 아니지만, `Union[str, None]`은 편집기에게 코드에서 오류를 찾아낼 수 있게 도와줍니다.

///

## 쿼리 매개변수 형변환

          'errors.\n' %
          (android_ndk_home_path, ndk_version, _SUPPORTED_ANDROID_NDK_VERSIONS))
  write_action_env_to_bazelrc('ANDROID_NDK_VERSION', ndk_version)

  # Now grab the NDK API level to use. Note that this is different from the
  # SDK API level, as the NDK API level is effectively the *min* target SDK
  # version.
  meta = open(os.path.join(android_ndk_home_path, 'meta/platforms.json'))
  platforms = json.load(meta)

 & 👆 *➡ 🛠️* ✔️ 🐥 🔒 🔝-▶️️ ↩ 👈 👆 💪 🖊.

///

& 🚥 👆 🖊 ⚫️, 👆 ✔️ 🐥 ✔ 📨 🆎 `username` & `password` (& 🎏 📦 🏑):

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image02.png">

/// note

⚫️ 🚫 🤔 ⚫️❔ 👆 🆎 📨, ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 👷. ✋️ 👥 🔜 🤚 📤.

///

👉 ↗️ 🚫 🕸 🏁 👩‍💻, ✋️ ⚫️ 👑 🏧 🧰 📄 🖥 🌐 👆 🛠️.

⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ 🕸 🏉 (👈 💪 👆).

⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ 🥉 🥳 🈸 &amp; ⚙️.

{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "提示"

注意测试函数是普通的 `def`，不是 `async def`。

还有client的调用也是普通的调用，不是用 `await`。

这让你可以直接使用 `pytest` 而不会遇到麻烦。

///

/// note | "技术细节"

你也可以用 `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`。

**FastAPI** 提供了和 `starlette.testclient` 一样的 `fastapi.testclient`，只是为了方便开发者。但它直接来自Starlette。

///

/// tip | "提示"

    echo JAVA_OPTS          Environment variable, if unset uses ""
    echo SBT_OPTS           Environment variable, if unset uses ""
    echo ACTIVATOR_OPTS     Environment variable, if unset uses ""
    echo.
    echo Please note that in order for Activator to work you must have Java available on the classpath
    echo.
    goto :end
  )
)

if "%ACTIVATOR_HOME%"=="" (
	set "ACTIVATOR_HOME=%~dp0"
	@REM remove trailing "\" from path

    }

    void clear() {
      value = null;
    }
  }

  private static final class AvlNode<E extends @Nullable Object> {
    /*
     * For "normal" nodes, the type of this field is `E`, not `@Nullable E` (though note that E is a
     * type that can include null, as in a TreeMultiset<@Nullable String>).
     *
     * For the header node, though, this field contains `null`, regardless of the type of the

   * stream is longer, its extra elements will be ignored.
   *
   * <p>Note that if you are calling {@link Stream#forEach} on the resulting stream, you might want
   * to consider using {@link #forEachPair} instead of this method.
   *
   * <p><b>Performance note:</b> The resulting stream is not <a
   * href="http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/html/StreamParallelGuidance.html">efficiently splittable</a>.