你也可以在型別註解中使用 `Response` 的子類別：

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03_py310.py hl[8:9] *}

這同樣可行，因為 `RedirectResponse` 是 `Response` 的子類別，而 FastAPI 會自動處理這種簡單情況。

### 無效的回傳型別註解 { #invalid-return-type-annotations }

但當你回傳其他任意物件（例如資料庫物件），它不是有效的 Pydantic 型別，並且你在函式上也這樣註解時，FastAPI 會嘗試從該型別註解建立一個 Pydantic 回應模型，因而失敗。

		tx.AddError(err)
	}
	tx.Statement.Dest = dest
	tx.Statement.ReflectValue = reflect.ValueOf(dest)
	for tx.Statement.ReflectValue.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
		elem := tx.Statement.ReflectValue.Elem()
		if !elem.IsValid() {
			elem = reflect.New(tx.Statement.ReflectValue.Type().Elem())
			tx.Statement.ReflectValue.Set(elem)
		}
		tx.Statement.ReflectValue = elem
	}
	Scan(rows, tx, ScanInitialized)
	return tx.Error
}

		return tw.err
	}

	// Trailer: two zero blocks.
	err := tw.Flush()
	for i := 0; i < 2 && err == nil; i++ {
		_, err = tw.w.Write(zeroBlock[:])
	}

	// Ensure all future actions are invalid.
	tw.err = ErrWriteAfterClose
	return err // Report IO errors
}

// regFileWriter is a fileWriter for writing data to a regular file entry.
type regFileWriter struct {
	w  io.Writer // Underlying Writer

			t.Fatalf("ReadRune(%U) after UnreadRune got %U,%d not %U,%d (err=%s)", r, r2, nbytes, r, size, err)
		}
	}
}

func TestWriteInvalidRune(t *testing.T) {
	// Invalid runes, including negative ones, should be written as
	// utf8.RuneError.
	for _, r := range []rune{-1, utf8.MaxRune + 1} {
		var buf Buffer
		buf.WriteRune(r)

		switch maker := v.maker.(type) {
		case makeReg:
			fw = &regFileWriter{w, maker.size}
			wantStr = maker.wantStr
		case makeSparse:
			if !validateSparseEntries(maker.sph, maker.size) {
				t.Fatalf("invalid sparse map: %v", maker.sph)
			}
			spd := invertSparseEntries(maker.sph, maker.size)
			fw = &regFileWriter{w, maker.makeReg.size}
			fw = &sparseFileWriter{fw, spd, 0}
			wantStr = maker.makeReg.wantStr

      .assertNoMoreLogs()
  }

  @Test
  fun bodyResponseUnknownEncoded() {
    setLevel(Level.BODY)
    server.enqueue(
      MockResponse
        .Builder() // It's invalid to return this if not requested, but the server might anyway
        .setHeader("Content-Encoding", "br")
        .setHeader("Content-Type", PLAIN)
        .body(Buffer().write("iwmASGVsbG8sIEhlbGxvLCBIZWxsbwoD".decodeBase64()!!))

item: Item
```

...and with that single declaration you get:

* Editor support, including:
    * Completion.
    * Type checks.
* Validation of data:
    * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
* <dfn title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</dfn> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
    * JSON.

- CustomResourceDefinition objects created with non-empty `caBundle` fields which are invalid or do not contain any certificates will not appear in discovery or serve endpoints until a valid `caBundle` is provided. Updates to CustomResourceDefinition are no longer allowed to transition a valid `caBundle` field to an invalid `caBundle` field, because this breaks serving of the existing CustomResourceDefinition. ([#124061](https://github.com/kubernetes/k...

        assertNotNull(result);
        assertTrue(result.isEmpty());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_parseJson_invalid() {
        final Map<String, Object> result = coordinatorHelper.parseJson("invalid json");
        assertNotNull(result);
        assertTrue(result.isEmpty());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_parseJson_null() {

all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,
and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.