mod.sqlite_url = "sqlite://"
    mod.engine = create_engine(
        mod.sqlite_url, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}, poolclass=StaticPool
    )

    with TestClient(mod.app) as c:
        yield c


def test_crud_app(client: TestClient):
    # TODO: this warns that SQLModel.from_orm is deprecated in Pydantic v1, refactor
    # this if using obj.model_validate becomes independent of Pydantic v2

    // a multithreaded environment for a couple of reasons:
    //
    // 1. Subscribers to events posted on different threads can be interleaved with each other
    //    freely. (A event on one thread, B event on another could yield any of
    //    [a1, a2, a3, b1, b2], [a1, b2, a2, a3, b2], [a1, b2, b3, a2, a3], etc.)
    // 2. It's possible for subscribers to actually be dispatched to in a different order than they

to take advantage of sweet Kotlin features.

#### Credentials.basic()

The username and password parameters to `Credentials.basic()` are now non-null strings. In OkHttp
3.x, null would yield a username or password of "null".

#### HttpUrl.queryParameterValues()

The return type of `HttpUrl.queryParameterValues()` is `List<String?>`. Lists that may contain null

    }
    server.url("/b").toUrl().openConnection().getInputStream() // Should succeed.
  }

  /**
   * Throttle the request body by sleeping 500ms after every 3 bytes. With a 6-byte request, this
   * should yield one sleep for a total delay of 500ms.
   */
  @Test
  fun throttleRequest() {
    assumeNotWindows()
    server.enqueue(
      MockResponse()
        .throttleBody(3, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS),
    )

    assertThat(inputStream!!.read()).isEqualTo('B'.code)
  }

  /**
   * Throttle the request body by sleeping 500ms after every 3 bytes. With a 6-byte request, this
   * should yield one sleep for a total delay of 500ms.
   */
  @Test
  fun throttleRequest() {
    assumeNotWindows()
    server.enqueue(
      MockResponse.Builder()
        .throttleBody(3, 500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)

There may be many routes for a single address. For example, a webserver that is hosted in multiple datacenters may yield multiple IP addresses in its DNS response.

In limited situations OkHttp will retry a route if connecting fails:

  /**
   * Returns a big-endian representation of {@code value} in a 2-element byte array; equivalent to
   * {@code ByteBuffer.allocate(2).putChar(value).array()}. For example, the input value {@code
   * '\\u5432'} would yield the byte array {@code {0x54, 0x32}}.
   *
   * <p>If you need to convert and concatenate several values (possibly even of different types),
   * use a shared {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer} instance, or use {@link

  /**
   * Returns a big-endian representation of {@code value} in a 2-element byte array; equivalent to
   * {@code ByteBuffer.allocate(2).putShort(value).array()}. For example, the input value {@code
   * (short) 0x1234} would yield the byte array {@code {0x12, 0x34}}.
   *
   * <p>If you need to convert and concatenate several values (possibly even of different types),
   * use a shared {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer} instance, or use {@link

  /**
   * Returns a big-endian representation of {@code value} in a 2-element byte array; equivalent to
   * {@code ByteBuffer.allocate(2).putShort(value).array()}. For example, the input value {@code
   * (short) 0x1234} would yield the byte array {@code {0x12, 0x34}}.
   *
   * <p>If you need to convert and concatenate several values (possibly even of different types),
   * use a shared {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer} instance, or use {@link

* 次に、ミドルウェアはアプリケーション (の *path operation*) によって生成された**レスポンス**を受け取ります。
* その**レスポンス**に対して何かを実行したり、必要なコードを実行したりできます。
* そして、**レスポンス**を返します。

/// note | "技術詳細"

`yield` を使った依存関係をもつ場合は、終了コードはミドルウェアの *後に* 実行されます。

バックグラウンドタスク (後述) がある場合は、それらは全てのミドルウェアの *後に* 実行されます。

///

## ミドルウェアの作成

ミドルウェアを作成するには、関数の上部でデコレータ `@app.middleware("http")` を使用します。

ミドルウェア関数は以下を受け取ります: