assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> getList().add(getNumElements() + 1, e3()));
    expectUnchanged();
    expectMissing(e3());
  }

  /**
   * Returns the {@link Method} instance for {@link #testAddAtIndex_nullSupported()} so that tests
   * can suppress it. See {@link CollectionAddTester#getAddNullSupportedMethod()} for details.
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // reflection

        // Verify the exception is created and has no message
        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());

        // Verify it's an instance of CIFSException
        assertTrue(exception instanceof CIFSException);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test constructor with message creates exception with specified message")

        Profile existing = profilesById.get(profileId);
        if (existing != null) {
            logger.warn("Overriding profile: '" + profileId + "' (source: " + existing.getSource()
                    + ") with new instance from source: " + profile.getSource());
        }

        profilesById.put(profile.getId(), profile);

        Activation activation = profile.getActivation();

     * @return the maven version, never {@code null}
     */
    @Nonnull
    Version getMavenVersion();

    /**
     * Retrieves the settings for the current session.
     *
     * @return the settings instance
     */
    @Nonnull
    Settings getSettings();

    /**
     * Retrieves toolchain models that have been explicitly configured.
     *
     * @return the toolchain models
     */
    @Nonnull

    }
  }

  /**
   * Remove and return the next event from the recorded sequence.
   *
   * @param eventClass a class to assert that the returned event is an instance of, or null to
   *     take any event class.
   * @param elapsedMs the time in milliseconds elapsed since the immediately-preceding event, or
   *     -1L to take any duration.
   */
  fun takeEvent(

Do you want to have an `id` and `email` and not have any `username` in your model? Sure. You can use these same tools.

Do you want to just have a `str`? Or just a `dict`? Or a database class model instance directly? It all works the same way.

You actually don't have users that log in to your application but robots, bots, or other systems, that have just an access token? Again, it all works the same.

        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_instanceOfFessSystemException() {
        // Test that PluginException is an instance of FessSystemException
        PluginException exception = new PluginException("Test message");

        assertTrue(exception instanceof FessSystemException);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof RuntimeException);

   *
   * @since 2.0
   */
  public static Comparator<byte[]> lexicographicalComparator() {
    return LexicographicalComparator.INSTANCE;
  }

  private enum LexicographicalComparator implements Comparator<byte[]> {
    INSTANCE;

    @Override
    public int compare(byte[] left, byte[] right) {
      int minLength = Math.min(left.length, right.length);

 * providing details about the failure for debugging and troubleshooting purposes.
 */
public class EditForm {

    /**
     * Creates a new EditForm instance.
     */
    public EditForm() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * The name of the web configuration associated with this failure URL.

    /**
     * This is super-hacky: this report is instantiated via {@code newInstance()}, within a different
     * classloader by {@link JApiCmpWorkerAction}, so there is no way to use a
     * normal property on the renderer instance and just set the location of the API file in it.
     *
     * Instead, we'll encode the path to the file in the description data field, as a link.  This is