{!> ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

/// tip

You can actually use this same technique with an HTTP `PUT` operation.

But the example here uses `PATCH` because it was created for these use cases.

///

/// note

Notice that the input model is still validated.

import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
import com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * Test cases for {@link Table} read operations.
 *
 * @author Jared Levy
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public abstract class AbstractTableReadTest<C extends @Nullable Character> extends TestCase {

import com.google.common.cache.TestingRemovalListeners.QueuingRemovalListener;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * {@link LoadingCache} tests for caches with a maximum size of zero.
 *
 * @author mike nonemacher
 */
public class NullCacheTest extends TestCase {
  QueuingRemovalListener<Object, Object> listener;

  @Override
  protected void setUp() {

import com.google.common.cache.TestingRemovalListeners.QueuingRemovalListener;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

/**
 * {@link LoadingCache} tests for caches with a maximum size of zero.
 *
 * @author mike nonemacher
 */
public class NullCacheTest extends TestCase {
  QueuingRemovalListener<Object, Object> listener;

  @Override
  protected void setUp() {

import java.util.Map;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;

/**
 * A {@link MapIteratorCache} that adds additional caching. In addition to the caching provided by
 * {@link MapIteratorCache}, this structure caches values for the two most recently retrieved keys.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 */
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
final class MapRetrievalCache<K, V> extends MapIteratorCache<K, V> {

Flask est un "micro-framework", il ne comprend pas d'intégrations de bases de données ni beaucoup de choses qui sont fournies par défaut dans Django.

Cette simplicité et cette flexibilité permettent d'utiliser des bases de données NoSQL comme principal système de stockage de données.

**FastAPI** est totalement basé sur ces annotations de type, qui lui donnent de nombreux avantages.

Mais même si vous n'utilisez pas ou n'utiliserez jamais **FastAPI**, vous pourriez bénéficier d'apprendre quelques choses sur ces dernières.

/// note

Si vous êtes un expert Python, et que vous savez déjà **tout** sur les annotations de type, passez au chapitre suivant.

///

## Motivations

Prenons un exemple simple :

  public void setUp() {
    setDelays();
  }

  /**
   * Extra checks that get done for all test cases.
   *
   * <p>Triggers test case failure if any thread assertions have failed, by rethrowing, in the test
   * harness thread, any exception recorded earlier by threadRecordFailure.
   *
   * <p>Triggers test case failure if interrupt status is set in the main thread.
   */
  @Override

	case errFaultyDisk.Error():
		return errFaultyDisk
	case errFaultyRemoteDisk.Error():
		return errFaultyRemoteDisk
	case errFileCorrupt.Error():
		return errFileCorrupt
	case errUnexpected.Error():
		return errUnexpected
	case errDiskFull.Error():
		return errDiskFull
	case errVolumeNotFound.Error():
		return errVolumeNotFound
	case errVolumeExists.Error():
		return errVolumeExists

  private long currentTimeNanos() {
    return ticker.read();
  }

  private void alertListenerIfPresent(K key, V value, RemovalCause cause) {
    if (removalListener != null) {
      removalListener.onRemoval(RemovalNotification.create(key, value, cause));
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // timestamps as numeric primitives
  private V load(K key) throws ExecutionException {