そして、[`CORSMiddleware` を使った CORS の扱い方](../tutorial/cors.md)も学びました。

このセクションでは、その他のミドルウェアの使い方を見ていきます。

## ASGI ミドルウェアの追加 { #adding-asgi-middlewares }

**FastAPI** は Starlette を基盤としており、<abbr title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface - 非同期サーバーゲートウェイインターフェース">ASGI</abbr> 仕様を実装しているため、任意の ASGI ミドルウェアを利用できます。

ミドルウェアは ASGI 仕様に従っていれば、FastAPI や Starlette 専用に作られていなくても動作します。

一般に、ASGI ミドルウェアは最初の引数として ASGI アプリを受け取るクラスです。

  } ]
}, {
  "scenario" : "org.gradle.performance.regression.corefeature.ExcludeRuleMergingPerformanceTest.merge exclude rules",
  "durations" : [ {
    "testProject" : "excludeRuleMergingBuild",
    "linux" : 290
  } ]
}, {
  "scenario" : "org.gradle.performance.regression.corefeature.ExcludeRuleMergingPerformanceTest.merge exclude rules (parallel)",
  "durations" : [ {
    "testProject" : "excludeRuleMergingBuild",

{* ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7,13:14,17:18,21:22] *}

## `Union` oder `anyOf` { #union-or-anyof }

Sie können deklarieren, dass eine <abbr title="Response – Antwort: Daten, die der Server zum anfragenden Client zurücksendet">Response</abbr> eine <abbr title="Union – Verbund, Einheit, Vereinigung: Eines von Mehreren">`Union`</abbr> mehrerer Typen ist, das bedeutet, dass die Response einer von ihnen ist.

labels.ldap_initial_context_factory=Initial Context Factory
labels.general_menu_oic=OpenID Connect
labels.oic_client_id=Client ID
labels.oic_client_secret=Client Secret
labels.oic_auth_server_url=Authorization Server URL
labels.oic_token_server_url=Token Server URL
labels.oic_redirect_url=Redirect URL
labels.oic_scope=Scope
labels.oic_base_url=Base URL
labels.oic_default_groups=Default Groups
labels.oic_default_roles=Default Roles

    assertThat(stream.writeBytesTotal).isEqualTo(0L)
    assertThat(stream.writeBytesMaximum).isEqualTo(3368L)
  }

  @Test fun peerHttp2ServerZerosCompressionTable() {
    val client = false // Peer is server, so we are client.
    val settings = Settings()
    settings[Settings.HEADER_TABLE_SIZE] = 0
    val connection = connectWithSettings(client, settings)

    // Verify the peer's settings were read and applied.

github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2 v2.8.2/go.mod h1:vIdpKz3OG+DCg4q/xVPdXHoztEyKDWRtykQ4N7hd7C4=
github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2 v2.11.1 h1:LwdauqMqMNhTxTN3+WFTX6wGDOKntHljgZ+7gL5HCnk=
github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2 v2.11.1/go.mod h1:leXySghbdtXSUmWem8K9McnJ6xbJOb0t9+NQ5HTRZjI=
github.com/nats-io/nats-streaming-server v0.24.6 h1:iIZXuPSznnYkiy0P3L0AP9zEN9Etp+tITbbX1KKeq4Q=

    // When elements compare as equal (both C's have same letter), our merge should always return C1
    // before C2, since C1 is from the first iterator.

    Iterator<TestDatum> merged =
        Iterators.mergeSorted(ImmutableList.of(left.iterator(), right.iterator()), comparator);

    ImmutableList<TestDatum> result = ImmutableList.copyOf(merged);

    assertThat(result)
        .containsExactly(

Bu örnekte `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` değerini `response_model` argümanına veriyoruz.

Bunu bir **type annotation** içine koymak yerine bir **argümana değer** olarak geçtiğimiz için, Python 3.10'da bile `Union` kullanmamız gerekiyor.

Eğer bu bir type annotation içinde olsaydı, dikey çizgiyi kullanabilirdik:

```Python
some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem
```

    private static final String GRADLE_MAIN_CLASS_PATTERN_STR = "(org\\.gradle\\.[a-zA-Z]+)";
    private static final String PLAY_SERVER_PATTERN_STR = "(play\\.core\\.server\\.NettyServer)";
    // https://github.com/gradle/gradle-private/issues/4255
    private static final String CHROME_PATTERN_STR = "(/usr/bin/google-chrome-for-testing)";

        }

        final Set<FileEntry> set = new HashSet<>();

        if (tc.getDfs().isTrustedDomain(tc, locator.getServer())) {
            /*
             * The server name is actually the name of a trusted
             * domain. Add DFS roots to the list.
             */
            try {
                entries = doDfsRootEnum(tc, locator, locator.getAddress());