PACDecodingException exception = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> {
            pacString.check(testString);
        }, "A PACDecodingException should be thrown for a non-empty string with a zero pointer.");

        // Verify the exception message
        assertEquals("Non-empty string", exception.getMessage(), "The exception message is not correct.");
    }

    /**

      throws Exception {
    try {
      future.get();
      fail("Expected ExecutionException");
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      assertThat(e).hasCauseThat().isSameInstanceAs(expectedCause);
    }
  }

  /** invokeAny(null) throws NPE */
  public void testInvokeAnyImpl_nullTasks() throws Exception {

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py hl[14] *}

## Install custom exception handlers { #install-custom-exception-handlers }

You can add custom exception handlers with <a href="https://www.starlette.io/exceptions/" class="external-link" target="_blank">the same exception utilities from Starlette</a>.

Let's say you have a custom exception `UnicornException` that you (or a library you use) might `raise`.

 *       will be thrown.
 *   <li>If no exceptions or errors were thrown in the try block, the <i>first</i> exception thrown
 *       by an attempt to close a resource will be thrown.
 *   <li>Any exception caught when attempting to close a resource that is <i>not</i> thrown (because
 *       another exception is already being thrown) is <i>suppressed</i>.
 * </ul>
 *

        try {
            dataIndexHelper.crawl("test-session");
            assertTrue("Should complete quickly with empty config list", true);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            assertTrue("Exception handling should be fast", true);
        }
    }

    public void test_crawl_withConfigIdList_emptyList() {
        try {
            List<String> configIds = Arrays.asList("id1", "id2");

    }

    // --- Tests for copyFile exception handling branch ---

    @Nested
    class CopyFileExceptions {

        private SmbTreeHandleImpl newTreeHandle(boolean isSmb2) throws Exception {
            SmbTreeHandleImpl th = mock(SmbTreeHandleImpl.class);
            lenient().when(th.isSMB2()).thenReturn(isSmb2);

  public void setUp() throws IOException {
    rootDir = createTempDir();
  }

  public void testFileTraverser_emptyDirectory() throws Exception {
    assertThat(Files.fileTraverser().breadthFirst(rootDir)).containsExactly(rootDir);
  }

  public void testFileTraverser_nonExistingFile() throws Exception {
    File file = new File(rootDir, "file-that-doesnt-exist");

    assertThat(Files.fileTraverser().breadthFirst(file)).containsExactly(file);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullCause() {
        // Test with null cause
        DataStoreException exception = new DataStoreException((Throwable) null);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
    }

  final Collection<? extends Throwable> exceptions;

  private ClusterException(Collection<? extends Throwable> exceptions) {
    super(
        exceptions.size() + " exceptions were thrown. The first exception is listed as a cause.",
        exceptions.iterator().next());
    ArrayList<? extends Throwable> temp = new ArrayList<>(exceptions);
    this.exceptions = Collections.unmodifiableCollection(temp);
  }

import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import jcifs.CIFSException;

/**
 * Unified exception class for SMB operations providing enhanced error handling,
 * retry policies, and contextual information.
 *
 * This exception consolidates the various SMB exception types and provides:
 * - Standardized error codes
 * - Automatic retry policies
 * - Rich contextual information
 * - Error categorization