* Sécurité et authentification, y compris la prise en charge de **OAuth2** avec les **<abbr title="en anglais : JWT tokens">jetons <abbr title="JSON Web Tokens">JWT</abbr></abbr>** et l'authentification **HTTP Basic**.
* Des techniques plus avancées (mais tout aussi faciles) pour déclarer les **modèles <abbr title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr> profondément imbriqués** (grâce à Pydantic).

* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
* **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.

You might want to have some predefined responses that apply to many *path operations*, but you want to combine them with custom responses needed by each *path operation*.

For those cases, you can use the Python technique of "unpacking" a `dict` with `**dict_to_unpack`:

```Python
old_dict = {
    "old key": "old value",
    "second old key": "second old value",
}
new_dict = {**old_dict, "new key": "new value"}
```

Dans ces cas, vous pouvez utiliser la technique Python "d'affection par décomposition" (appelé _unpacking_ en anglais) d'un `dict` avec `**dict_to_unpack` :

```Python
old_dict = {
    "old key": "old value",
    "second old key": "second old value",
}

    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="30-37"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
    ```

!!! tip
    You can actually use this same technique with an HTTP `PUT` operation.

    But the example here uses `PATCH` because it was created for these use cases.

!!! note
    Notice that the input model is still validated.

 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>This class uses (possibly repeated) invocations of {@link java.lang.System#gc()} to cause
 * finalization to happen. However, a call to {@code System.gc()} is specified to be no more than a
 * hint, so this technique may fail at the whim of the JDK implementation, for example if a user
 * specified the JVM flag {@code -XX:+DisableExplicitGC}. But in practice, it works very well for
 * ordinary tests.
 *

 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>This class uses (possibly repeated) invocations of {@link java.lang.System#gc()} to cause
 * finalization to happen. However, a call to {@code System.gc()} is specified to be no more than a
 * hint, so this technique may fail at the whim of the JDK implementation, for example if a user
 * specified the JVM flag {@code -XX:+DisableExplicitGC}. But in practice, it works very well for
 * ordinary tests.
 *

// are merged together into a single JSON key, also
// to remove any extraneous JSON bodies.
//
// Go stdlib doesn't support parsing JSON with duplicate
// keys, so we need to use this technique to merge the
// keys.
func sanitizePolicy(r io.Reader) (io.Reader, error) {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	e := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
	d := jstream.NewDecoder(r, 0).ObjectAsKVS()
	sset := set.NewStringSet()

    You can set `schema_extra` with a `dict` containing any additional data you would like to show up in the generated JSON Schema, including `examples`.

!!! tip
    You could use the same technique to extend the JSON Schema and add your own custom extra info.

    For example you could use it to add metadata for a frontend user interface, etc.

!!! info

  /*
   * Leaving K and V as upper bounds rather than the actual key and value types allows type
   * parameters to be left implicit more often. CacheBuilder uses the same technique.
   */

  private MultimapBuilder() {}

  private static final int DEFAULT_EXPECTED_KEYS = 8;

  /** Uses a hash table to map keys to value collections. */