### Custom Generate Unique ID Function

FastAPI uses a **unique ID** for each *path operation*, it is used for the **operation ID** and also for the names of any needed custom models, for requests or responses.

You can customize that function. It takes an `APIRoute` and outputs a string.

For example, here it is using the first tag (you will probably have only one tag) and the *path operation* name (the function name).

    ```Python hl_lines="1"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
    ```

#### Generic типи

Ці типи, які приймають параметри типу у квадратних дужках, називаються **Generic types** or **Generics**, наприклад:

=== "Python 3.8 і вище"

    * `List`
    * `Tuple`
    * `Set`
    * `Dict`
    * `Union`
    * `Optional`
    * ...та інші.

=== "Python 3.9 і вище"

=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_py310.py!}
    ```

## 🚮 🥔 🧬

👆 💪 🔬 <abbr title="A regular expression, regex or regexp is a sequence of characters that define a search pattern for strings.">🥔 🧬</abbr> 👈 🔢 🔜 🏏:

=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ &amp; 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="11"

私たちは「**プロセス**」という言葉についてたくさん話すので、その意味や「**プログラム**」という言葉との違いを明確にしておくと便利です。

### プログラムとは何か

**プログラム**という言葉は、一般的にいろいろなものを表現するのに使われます：

* プログラマが書く**コード**、**Pythonファイル**
* OSによって実行することができるファイル（例: `python`, `python.exe` or `uvicorn`）
* OS上で**実行**している間、CPUを使用し、メモリ上に何かを保存する特定のプログラム（**プロセス**とも呼ばれる）

### プロセスとは何か

**プロセス**という言葉は通常、より具体的な意味で使われ、OSで実行されているものだけを指します（先ほどの最後の説明のように）：

* OS上で**実行**している特定のプログラム

In this case, it would be better to get **one extra server** and run some processes on it so that they all have **enough RAM and CPU time**.

For example, you could identify a "car" or a "blog post".

Then you could add permissions about that entity, like "drive" (for the car) or "edit" (for the blog).

And then, you could give that JWT token to a user (or bot), and they could use it to perform those actions (drive the car, or edit the blog post) without even needing to have an account, just with the JWT token your API generated for that.

In all the docs there are examples compatible with each version of Python (when there's a difference).

For example "**Python 3.6+**" means it's compatible with Python 3.6 or above (including 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, etc). And "**Python 3.9+**" means it's compatible with Python 3.9 or above (including 3.10, etc).

Und Sie können auch Validierungen für Zahlen deklarieren:

* `gt`: `g`reater `t`han – größer als
* `ge`: `g`reater than or `e`qual – größer oder gleich
* `lt`: `l`ess `t`han – kleiner als
* `le`: `l`ess than or `e`qual – kleiner oder gleich

!!! info
    `Query`, `Path`, und andere Klassen, die Sie später kennenlernen, sind Unterklassen einer allgemeinen `Param`-Klasse.

    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Incorrect username or password"}


@needs_py39
def test_login_incorrect_username(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post("/token", data={"username": "foo", "password": "secret"})
    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Incorrect username or password"}


@needs_py39
def test_no_token(client: TestClient):

# Bigger Applications - Multiple Files

If you are building an application or a web API, it's rarely the case that you can put everything on a single file.

**FastAPI** provides a convenience tool to structure your application while keeping all the flexibility.

!!! info
    If you come from Flask, this would be the equivalent of Flask's Blueprints.

## An example file structure

Let's say you have a file structure like this:

```
.
├── app