public void close() throws IOException {
                super.close();
                counter[0]--;
              }
            };
          }
        };
    Reader joinedReader = CharSource.concat(reader, reader, reader).openStream();
    String result = CharStreams.toString(joinedReader);
    assertEquals(testString.length() * 3, result.length());
  }

  public void testReady() throws Exception {

        ImmutableList.copyOf(
            Iterables.concat(
                Iterables.transform(POSITIVE_INTEGER_CANDIDATES, NEGATE_INT),
                ImmutableList.of(Integer.MIN_VALUE)));
    NONZERO_INTEGER_CANDIDATES =
        ImmutableList.copyOf(
            Iterables.concat(POSITIVE_INTEGER_CANDIDATES, NEGATIVE_INTEGER_CANDIDATES));
    ALL_INTEGER_CANDIDATES = Iterables.concat(NONZERO_INTEGER_CANDIDATES, ImmutableList.of(0));
  }

    String expected = "abcde";

    assertEquals(expected, CharSource.concat(ImmutableList.of(c1, c2, c3)).read());
    assertEquals(expected, CharSource.concat(c1, c2, c3).read());
    assertEquals(expected, CharSource.concat(ImmutableList.of(c1, c2, c3).iterator()).read());
    assertFalse(CharSource.concat(c1, c2, c3).isEmpty());

    CharSource emptyConcat = CharSource.concat(CharSource.empty(), CharSource.empty());

    Method concat = String.class.getMethod("concat", String.class);
    new EqualsTester()
        .addEqualityGroup(
            Subscriber.create(bus, "foo", charAt), Subscriber.create(bus, "foo", charAt))
        .addEqualityGroup(Subscriber.create(bus, "bar", charAt))
        .addEqualityGroup(Subscriber.create(bus, "foo", concat))
        .testEquals();
  }

   * supports it.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Iterator<T> concat(
      Iterator<? extends T> a, Iterator<? extends T> b) {
    checkNotNull(a);
    checkNotNull(b);
    return concat(consumingForArray(a, b));
  }

  /**
   * Combines three iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator iterates across the

   * supports it.
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Iterator<T> concat(
      Iterator<? extends T> a, Iterator<? extends T> b) {
    checkNotNull(a);
    checkNotNull(b);
    return concat(consumingForArray(a, b));
  }

  /**
   * Combines three iterators into a single iterator. The returned iterator iterates across the

    assertThat(Bytes.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Bytes.concat(ARRAY1, ARRAY1, ARRAY1))

      Integer[] prefix = {Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE};
      Integer[] suffix = {(int) 86, (int) 99};
      Integer[] all = concat(concat(prefix, elements), suffix);
      return asList(all).subList(2, elements.length + 2);
    }
  }

  private static Integer[] concat(Integer[] left, Integer[] right) {
    Integer[] result = new Integer[left.length + right.length];
    System.arraycopy(left, 0, result, 0, left.length);

      Byte[] prefix = {Byte.MIN_VALUE, Byte.MAX_VALUE};
      Byte[] suffix = {(byte) 86, (byte) 99};
      Byte[] all = concat(concat(prefix, elements), suffix);
      return asList(all).subList(2, elements.length + 2);
    }
  }

  private static Byte[] concat(Byte[] left, Byte[] right) {
    Byte[] result = new Byte[left.length + right.length];
    System.arraycopy(left, 0, result, 0, left.length);

   * iterator supports it.
   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> use nested calls to {@link Stream#concat}, or see the
   * advice in {@link #concat(Iterable...)}.
   *
   * @since 20.0
   */
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> FluentIterable<T> concat(
      Iterable<? extends T> a, Iterable<? extends T> b, Iterable<? extends T> c) {
    return concatNoDefensiveCopy(a, b, c);
  }