```Python hl_lines="13  15"
{!../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py!}
```

Se uma exceção ocorrer, a instância `Request` ainda estará em escopo, então podemos ler e fazer uso do corpo da requisição ao lidar com o erro:

```Python hl_lines="16-18"
{!../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py!}
```

## Classe `APIRoute` personalizada em um router

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

查询参数 `q` 的类型为 `str`，默认值为 `None`，因此它是可选的。

## 额外的校验

我们打算添加约束条件：即使 `q` 是可选的，但只要提供了该参数，则该参数值**不能超过50个字符的长度**。

### 导入 `Query`

为此，首先从 `fastapi` 导入 `Query`：

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
```

## 使用 `Query` 作为默认值

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="8 10"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!}
```

////

## 必选查询参数

为不是路径参数的参数声明默认值（至此，仅有查询参数），该参数就**不是必选**的了。

如果只想把参数设为**可选**，但又不想指定参数的值，则要把默认值设为 `None`。

如果要把查询参数设置为**必选**，就不要声明默认值：

```Python hl_lines="6-7"
{!../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

这里的查询参数 `needy` 是类型为 `str` 的必选查询参数。

在浏览器中打开如下 URL：

```

```Python hl_lines="1  18"
{!../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py!}
```

### `HTMLResponse`

Nimmt Text oder Bytes entgegen und gibt eine HTML-Response zurück, wie Sie oben gelesen haben.

### `PlainTextResponse`

Nimmt Text oder Bytes entgegen und gibt eine Plain-Text-Response zurück.

```Python hl_lines="2  7  9"
{!../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005.py!}
```

### `JSONResponse`

Deberías hacerlo después de adicionar todas tus *operaciones de path*.

```Python hl_lines="2 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 24"
{!../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// tip | Consejo

Si llamas manualmente a `app.openapi()`, debes actualizar el `operationId`s antes de hacerlo.

///

/// warning | Advertencia

```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ non-Annotated

/// tip | "Dica"

Utilize a versão com `Annotated` se possível.

///

```Python hl_lines="11-15"
{!> ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

Observe o método `__init__` usado para criar uma instância da classe:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="12"
{!> ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py!}

```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ non-Annotated

/// tip

Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

///

```Python hl_lines="11-15"
{!> ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

Pay attention to the `__init__` method used to create the instance of the class:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="12"

**FastAPI** 🐕‍🦺 👈 🎏 🌌 ⏮️ ✅ 🎻:

```Python hl_lines="1  8-10  13  18"
{!../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py!}
```

## 📄 & 📛

👆 💪 🚮 `summary` & `description`:

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="20-21"
{!> ../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py!}
```

////

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="20-21"

```Python hl_lines="17  22  27"
{!../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
```

전달된 태그들은 OpenAPI의 스키마에 추가되며, 자동 문서 인터페이스에서 사용됩니다:

<img src="/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image01.png">

## 요약과 기술

`summary`와 `description`을 추가할 수 있습니다:

```Python hl_lines="20-21"
{!../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py!}
```

## 독스트링으로 만든 기술

```Python hl_lines="6"
{!../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial001.py!}
```

### ⚙️ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 📛 {

🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ 👆 🔗' 🔢 📛 `operationId`Ⓜ, 👆 💪 🔁 🤭 🌐 👫 & 🔐 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* `operation_id` ⚙️ 👫 `APIRoute.name`.

👆 🔜 ⚫️ ⏮️ ❎ 🌐 👆 *➡ 🛠️*.

```Python hl_lines="2  12-21  24"
{!../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// tip