# 고급 Python 타입 { #advanced-python-types }

Python 타입을 다룰 때 유용할 수 있는 몇 가지 추가 아이디어를 소개합니다.

## `Union` 또는 `Optional` 사용 { #using-union-or-optional }

어떤 이유로 코드에서 `|`를 사용할 수 없다면, 예를 들어 타입 어노테이션이 아니라 `response_model=` 같은 곳이라면, 파이프 문자(`|`) 대신 `typing`의 `Union`을 사용할 수 있습니다.

예를 들어, 어떤 값이 `str` 또는 `None`이 될 수 있다고 선언할 수 있습니다:

```python
from typing import Union


def say_hi(name: Union[str, None]):
        print(f"Hi {name}!")
```

}

// Unique reports whether the column may be unique.
func (ct ColumnType) Unique() (unique bool, ok bool) {
	return ct.UniqueValue.Bool, ct.UniqueValue.Valid
}

// ScanType returns a Go type suitable for scanning into using Rows.Scan.
func (ct ColumnType) ScanType() reflect.Type {
	if ct.ScanTypeValue != nil {
		return ct.ScanTypeValue
	}
	return ct.SQLColumnType.ScanType()
}

// Comment returns the comment of current column.

 * appropriate primitive specialization such as {@code IntPredicate}) instead whenever possible.
 * Otherwise, at least reduce <i>explicit</i> dependencies on this type by using lambda expressions
 * or method references instead of classes, leaving your code easier to migrate in the future.
 *
 * <p>To use a reference of this type (say, named {@code guavaPredicate}) in a context where {@code

     * Returns classpath elements exported by the extension.
     */
    public Set<String> getExportedPackages() {
        return packages;
    }

    /**
     * The key that can be used to identify the configuration using the
     * {@link javax.inject.Named} annotation.
     */
    public String getKey() {
        return key;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the configuration for this extension.
     */

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install jinja2

---> 100%
```

</div>

## Usando `Jinja2Templates` { #using-jinja2templates }

* Importa `Jinja2Templates`.
* Crea un objeto `templates` que puedas reutilizar más tarde.
* Declara un parámetro `Request` en la *path operation* que devolverá una plantilla.

        task.systemProperty('javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword', 'password')
        task.systemProperty('javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword', 'password')
        task.systemProperty('javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType', 'BCFKS')
        // Using the key==value format to override default JVM security settings and policy
        // see also: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/PolicyFiles.html

    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
    - name: Autobuild
      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3

    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl

    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project

          message.startsWith("Negotiated ") -> Type.Handshake
          message.startsWith("Found resumable session") -> Type.Handshake
          message.startsWith("Resuming session") -> Type.Handshake
          message.startsWith("Using PSK to derive early secret") -> Type.Handshake
          else -> Type.Unknown
        }

    override fun toString(): String =
      if (param != null) {
        message + "\n" + param
      } else {

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Creates map entries using sample keys and sample values.
 *
 * @author Jesse Wilson
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public abstract class TestMapEntrySetGenerator<
        K extends @Nullable Object, V extends @Nullable Object>

# Просунуті типи Python { #advanced-python-types }

Ось кілька додаткових ідей, які можуть бути корисні під час роботи з типами в Python.

## Використання `Union` або `Optional` { #using-union-or-optional }

Якщо ваш код з якоїсь причини не може використовувати `|`, наприклад, якщо це не анотація типів, а щось на кшталт `response_model=`, замість вертикальної риски (`|`) ви можете використати `Union` з `typing`.