Por exemplo, você pode querer retornar uma *response* em *plain text* ao invés de um JSON para os seguintes erros:

```Python hl_lines="3-4  9-11  22"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!}
```

/// note | "Detalhes Técnicos"

Você pode usar `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`.

    assert response.headers["x-fastapi-item-id"] == "foo"


def test_patch():
    response = client.patch("/items/foo", json={"name": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "foo", "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": None}}


def test_trace():
    response = client.request("trace", "/items/foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/a", responses={"hello": {"description": "Not a valid additional response"}})
async def a():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


openapi_schema = {
    "openapi": "3.1.0",
    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
    "paths": {
        "/a": {
            "get": {
                "responses": {

It includes the `tags`, `parameters`, `requestBody`, `responses`, etc.

This *path operation*-specific OpenAPI schema is normally generated automatically by **FastAPI**, but you can also extend it.

/// tip

This is a low level extension point.

If you only need to declare additional responses, a more convenient way to do it is with [Additional Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

///

def test_get():
    response = client.get("/users/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == ["Rick", "Morty"]


def test_dummy_webhook():
    # Just for coverage
    app.webhooks.routes[0].endpoint({})


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {

    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert b"<form" in response.content


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/files/": {

def test_create_item(client: TestClient) -> None:
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"name": "Foo", "description": None}


@needs_py310
def test_read_items(client: TestClient) -> None:
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [
        {

def test_create_item(client: TestClient) -> None:
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"name": "Foo", "description": None}


def test_read_items(client: TestClient) -> None:
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [
        {
            "name": "Portal Gun",

### Add some custom `tags`, `responses`, and `dependencies`

We are not adding the prefix `/items` nor the `tags=["items"]` to each *path operation* because we added them to the `APIRouter`.

But we can still add _more_ `tags` that will be applied to a specific *path operation*, and also some extra `responses` specific to that *path operation*:

    "servers": [{"url": "/subapi"}],
}


def test_openapi_schema_main():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == openapi_schema_main


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World from main app"}


def test_openapi_schema_sub():