// 2K chars (4K bytes)
  private static final int DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE = 0x800;

  /** Creates a new {@code CharBuffer} for buffering reads or writes. */
  static CharBuffer createBuffer() {
    return CharBuffer.allocate(DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE);
  }

  private CharStreams() {}

  /**
   * Copies all characters between the {@link Readable} and {@link Appendable} objects. Does not
   * close or flush either object.
   *

  }

  /** Returns whether arrays need to be allocated. */
  boolean needsAllocArrays() {
    return table == null;
  }

  /** Handle lazy allocation of arrays. */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  int allocArrays() {
    Preconditions.checkState(needsAllocArrays(), "Arrays already allocated");

    int expectedSize = metadata;
    int buckets = CompactHashing.tableSize(expectedSize);

      File file = getFile();
      Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file), UTF_8);
      StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
      CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(100);
      while (reader.read(buffer) != -1) {
        Java8Compatibility.flip(buffer);
        builder.append(buffer);
        Java8Compatibility.clear(buffer);
      }
      return builder.toString();
    }

    checkArgument(bufferSize % chunkSize == 0);

    // TODO(user): benchmark performance difference with longer buffer
    // always space for a single primitive
    this.buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bufferSize + 7).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    this.bufferSize = bufferSize;
    this.chunkSize = chunkSize;
  }

  /** Processes the available bytes of the buffer (at most {@code chunk} bytes). */

 *
 * ### The response body can be consumed only once.
 *
 * This class may be used to stream very large responses. For example, it is possible to use this
 * class to read a response that is larger than the entire memory allocated to the current process.
 * It can even stream a response larger than the total storage on the current device, which is a
 * common requirement for video streaming applications.
 *

        final FileInputStream is = InputStreamUtil.create(file);
        try {
            final FileChannel channel = is.getChannel();
            final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate((int) ChannelUtil.size(channel));
            ChannelUtil.read(channel, buffer);
            return buffer.array();
        } finally {
            CloseableUtil.close(is);
        }
    }

    /**

   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> No guarantees are made regarding stability of the representation between
   * versions.
   */
  public byte[] toByteArray() {
    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BYTES).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    xStats.writeTo(buffer);
    yStats.writeTo(buffer);
    buffer.putDouble(sumOfProductsOfDeltas);
    return buffer.array();
  }

  /**

holding the C pointers and use runtime.SetFinalizer on those Go objects.

It is much more difficult for the C world to have pointers into the Go
world, because the Go garbage collector is unaware of the memory
allocated by C.  The most important consideration is not to
constrain future implementations, so the rule is that Go code can
hand a Go pointer to C code but must separately arrange for

// path unmodified.
//
// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx#maxpath
func fixLongPath(path string) string {
	// Do nothing (and don't allocate) if the path is "short".
	// Empirically (at least on the Windows Server 2013 builder),
	// the kernel is arbitrarily okay with < 248 bytes. That
	// matches what the docs above say:

In this section the term Go pointer means a pointer to memory
allocated by Go (such as by using the & operator or calling the
predefined new function) and the term C pointer means a pointer to
memory allocated by C (such as by a call to C.malloc). Whether a
pointer is a Go pointer or a C pointer is a dynamic property
determined by how the memory was allocated; it has nothing to do with
the type of the pointer.