你也可以将其定义为常规函数而不使用 `async def`:

{* ../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003_py310.py hl[7] *}

/// note

如果你不知道两者的区别，请查阅 [并发: *赶时间吗？*](../async.md#in-a-hurry)。

///

### 步骤 5：返回内容 { #step-5-return-the-content }

{* ../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001_py310.py hl[8] *}

你可以返回一个 `dict`、`list`，像 `str`、`int` 一样的单个值，等等。

你还可以返回 Pydantic 模型（稍后你将了解更多）。

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-model/image02.png">

## Diğer Return Type Annotation’ları { #other-return-type-annotations }

Bazı durumlarda Pydantic field olarak geçerli olmayan bir şey döndürebilir ve bunu fonksiyonda annotate edebilirsiniz; amaç sadece araçların (editör, mypy vb.) sağladığı desteği almaktır.

### Doğrudan Response Döndürmek { #return-a-response-directly }

Döndürmeniz gerekenden daha fazla veri döndürmediğinizden emin olmak için, [Tutorial - Response Model - Return Type](../tutorial/response-model.md) dokümantasyonunu okuyun.

## Response Performansını Optimize Etme - Response Model - Return Type { #optimize-response-performance-response-model-return-type }

    return f"{client_id}_key"


def _get_client_tag(client_id: str | None = Query(None)) -> str | None:
    if client_id is None:
        return None
    return f"{client_id}_tag"


@app.get("/foo")
def foo_handler(
    client_key: str = Depends(_get_client_key),
    client_tag: str | None = Depends(_get_client_tag),
):
    return {"client_id": client_key, "client_tag": client_tag}

* Return error when the scoring plugin returns score out of range [0, 100]. ([#81015](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/81015), [@draveness](https://github.com/draveness))
* Update to use go 1.12.8 ([#81390](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/81390), [@cblecker](https://github.com/cblecker))

async def create_item(item: Item):
    return {"message": "Item received"}


@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item], tags=["items"])
async def get_items():
    return [
        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
    ]


@app.post("/users/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["users"])
async def create_user(user: User):

@app.get("/models/{model_name}")
async def get_model(model_name: ModelName):
    if model_name is ModelName.alexnet:
        return {"model_name": model_name, "message": "Deep Learning FTW!"}

    if model_name.value == "lenet":
        return {"model_name": model_name, "message": "LeCNN all the images"}

)
def simple_include():
    return Model2(
        ref=Model1(foo="simple_include model foo", bar="simple_include model bar"),
        baz="simple_include model2 baz",
    )


@app.get(
    "/simple_include_dict",
    response_model=Model2,
    response_model_include={"baz": ..., "ref": {"foo"}},
)
def simple_include_dict():
    return {
        "ref": {

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
    return [{"name": "Foo"}]


def custom_openapi():
    if app.openapi_schema:
        return app.openapi_schema
    openapi_schema = get_openapi(
        title="Custom title",
        version="2.5.0",
        summary="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",

@app.get("/query")
async def query_model(data: Model = Query()):
    return {"param": data.param}


@app.get("/header")
async def header_model(data: Model = Header()):
    return {"param": data.param}


@app.get("/cookie")
async def cookie_model(data: Model = Cookie()):
    return {"param": data.param}


def test_query_model_with_alias():
    client = TestClient(app)