Pero FastAPI también soporta el uso de <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`dataclasses`</a> de la misma manera:

{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,6:11,18:19] *}

Быстрая альтернативная реализация JSON-ответа с использованием <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, как было сказано выше.

/// info | Информация

Требуется установка `orjson`, например командой `pip install orjson`.

///

### `UJSONResponse` { #ujsonresponse }

# HTTP Basic Auth { #http-basic-auth }

For the simplest cases, you can use HTTP Basic Auth.

In HTTP Basic Auth, the application expects a header that contains a username and a password.

If it doesn't receive it, it returns an HTTP 401 "Unauthorized" error.

And returns a header `WWW-Authenticate` with a value of `Basic`, and an optional `realm` parameter.

That tells the browser to show the integrated prompt for a username and password.

    }

    /**
     * Test <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MNG-5568">MNG-5568</a> edge case
     * which was showing transitive inconsistency: since A &gt; B and B &gt; C then we should have A &gt; C
     * otherwise sorting a list of ComparableVersions() will in some cases throw runtime exception;
     * see Netbeans issues <a href="https://netbeans.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=240845">240845</a> and

For example:

* <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/environments#_select-and-activate-an-environment" class="external-link" target="_blank">VS Code</a>
* <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/creating-virtual-environment.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyCharm</a>

/// tip

Но когда форма содержит файлы, она кодируется как `multipart/form-data`. О работе с файлами вы прочтёте в следующей главе.

Если вы хотите узнать больше про эти кодировки и поля формы, обратитесь к <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/POST" class="external-link" target="_blank"><abbr title="Mozilla Developer Network – Сеть разработчиков Mozilla">MDN</abbr> веб-документации для `POST`</a>.

///

/// warning | Предупреждение

	export MINIO_ROOT_USER=minio
	export MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD=minio123
	export MC_HOST_minio="http://minio:minio123@127.0.0.1:${start_port}/"
	export MINIO_CI_CD=1

	mkdir ${WORK_DIR}
	C_PWD=${PWD}
	if [ ! -x "$PWD/mc" ]; then
		MC_BUILD_DIR="mc-$RANDOM"
		if ! git clone --quiet https://github.com/minio/mc "$MC_BUILD_DIR"; then
			echo "failed to download https://github.com/minio/mc"
			purge "${MC_BUILD_DIR}"
			exit 1
		fi

AnyIO는 특정 테스트 함수를 비동기 함수로 호출 할 수 있는 깔끔한 플러그인을 제공합니다.


## HTTPX

**FastAPI** 애플리케이션이  `async def` 대신 `def` 키워드로 선언된 함수를 사용하더라도, 내부적으로는 여전히 `비동기` 애플리케이션입니다.

`TestClient`는 pytest 표준을 사용하여 비동기 FastAPI 애플리케이션을 일반적인 `def` 테스트 함수 내에서 호출할 수 있도록 내부에서 마술을 부립니다. 하지만 이 마술은 비동기 함수 내부에서 사용할 때는 더 이상 작동하지 않습니다. 테스트를 비동기로 실행하면, 더 이상 테스트 함수 내부에서 `TestClient`를 사용할 수 없습니다.

    * Ein Python-`datetime.timedelta`.
    * Wird in Requests und Responses als `float` der Gesamtsekunden dargestellt.
    * Pydantic ermöglicht auch die Darstellung als „ISO 8601 Zeitdifferenz-Kodierung“, <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#custom-serializers" class="external-link" target="_blank">siehe die Dokumentation für weitere Informationen</a>.
* `frozenset`:

Below is the public PGP key used to sign all Gradle artifacts.

The key ID is `E2F38302C8075E3D` and its fingerprint is `1BD97A6A154E7810EE0BC832E2F38302C8075E3D`.
You can also find the key in the [Gradle website](https://gradle.org/keys/) and on [public key servers](https://keys.openpgp.org/search?q=maven-publishing%40gradle.com).

## Verification instructions

### Importing the key

You can import the key into your GPG keyring in one of two ways.