```console
$ pip install httpx
```

///

Імпортуйте `TestClient`.

Створіть `TestClient`, передавши йому Ваш застосунок **FastAPI**.

Створюйте функції з іменами, що починаються з `test_` (це стандартна угода для `pytest`).

Використовуйте об'єкт `TestClient` так само як і `httpx`.

Записуйте прості `assert`-вирази зі стандартними виразами Python, які потрібно перевірити (це також стандарт для `pytest`).

    validations:
      required: true

  - type: textarea
    id: tests
    attributes:
      label: Which tests are flaking?
    validations:
      required: true

  - type: textarea
    id: since
    attributes:
      label: Since when has it been flaking?
    validations:

Você pode usar o mesmo `TestClient` para testar WebSockets.

Para isso, você utiliza o `TestClient` dentro de uma instrução `with`, conectando com o WebSocket:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Nota

Para mais detalhes, confira a documentação do Starlette para <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testar WebSockets</a>.

///

/// tip

If you want to call `async` functions in your tests apart from sending requests to your FastAPI application (e.g. asynchronous database functions), have a look at the [Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} in the advanced tutorial.

///

## Separating tests { #separating-tests }

In a real application, you probably would have your tests in a different file.

  }

  public void testChecksForNull() throws Exception {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();

    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(new HashingInputStream(Hashing.md5(), buffer));
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(HashingInputStream.class);
    tester.testAllPublicConstructors(HashingInputStream.class);
  }

  }

  public void testChecksForNull() throws Exception {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();

    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(new HashingInputStream(Hashing.md5(), buffer));
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(HashingInputStream.class);
    tester.testAllPublicConstructors(HashingInputStream.class);
  }

        final DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactoryUtil.newDocumentBuilder();
        final Document doc = DocumentBuilderUtil.parse(builder, ResourceUtil.getResourceAsStream("org/codelibs/core/xml/test1.xml"));
        final Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
        final String contents = DomUtil.toString(root);
        System.out.println(contents);
    }

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <!--
    Some tests need reflective access to the internals of these packages. It is only the
    tests themselves and not the code being tested that needs that access, though there's no
    obvious way to ensure that.

    We could consider arranging things so that only the tests we know need this would get
    the add-opens. Right now that doesn't seem worth the effort, though.

    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <!--
    Some tests need reflective access to the internals of these packages. It is only the
    tests themselves and not the code being tested that needs that access, though there's no
    obvious way to ensure that.

    We could consider arranging things so that only the tests we know need this would get
    the add-opens. Right now that doesn't seem worth the effort, though.

  }

  private static HostSpecifier spec(String specifier) {
    return HostSpecifier.fromValid(specifier);
  }

  public void testNulls() {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();

    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(HostSpecifier.class);
    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(HostSpecifier.fromValid("google.com"));
  }

  private void assertGood(String spec) throws ParseException {