import java.math.BigInteger;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A wrapper class for unsigned {@code long} values, supporting arithmetic operations.
 *
 * <p>In some cases, when speed is more important than code readability, it may be faster simply to
 * treat primitive {@code long} values as unsigned, using the methods from {@link UnsignedLongs}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a

            }

            // Simulate thumbnail generation
            try {
                if (!outputFile.exists()) {
                    outputFile.createNewFile();
                }
                // Write some dummy content to simulate actual thumbnail
                Files.write(outputFile.toPath(), ("thumbnail-" + thumbnailId).getBytes());
                return true;
            } catch (IOException e) {

    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.resolver</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-resolver-transport-file</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- HTTP/1.1, lowest priority, Java8+ (still must as some ITs force it) -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.resolver</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-resolver-transport-wagon</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- HTTP/1.1, medium priority, Java8+ -->

import java.math.BigInteger;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A wrapper class for unsigned {@code int} values, supporting arithmetic operations.
 *
 * <p>In some cases, when speed is more important than code readability, it may be faster simply to
 * treat primitive {@code int} values as unsigned, using the methods from {@link UnsignedInts}.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a

    }
  }

  private static boolean equal(@Nullable Object a, @Nullable Object b) {
    return a == b || (a != null && a.equals(b));
  }

  // This one-liner saves us from some ugly casts
  protected Entry<K, V> entry(K key, V value) {
    return mapEntry(key, value);
  }

  @Override
  protected void expectContents(Collection<Entry<K, V>> expected) {

 *
 * <p>Each of the {@code standard} methods uses the set's comparator (or the natural ordering of the
 * elements, if there is no comparator) to test element equality. As a result, if the comparator is
 * not consistent with equals, some of the standard implementations may violate the {@code Set}
 * contract.
 *
 * <p>The {@code standard} methods and the collection views they return are not guaranteed to be

        // Then
        assertNotNull(type1);
        // Note: getType() method does not exist in Type1Message
        assertTrue(type1.getFlags() != 0); // Should have some flags set
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should create Type 1 message with custom flags")
    void testType1MessageWithFlags() {
        // Given
        int flags =

                readParameterWordsWireFormat(buffer, bufferIndex + 4);

                /* The SMB_COM_NT_CREATE_ANDX response wordCount is wrong. There's an
                 * extra 16 bytes for some "Offline Files (CSC or Client Side Caching)"
                 * junk. We need to bump up the wordCount here so that this method returns
                 * the correct number of bytes for signing purposes. Otherwise we get a

    if (seq.length() <= maxLength) {
      String string = seq.toString();
      if (string.length() <= maxLength) {
        return string;
      }
      // if the length of the toString() result was > maxLength for some reason, truncate that
      seq = string;
    }

    return new StringBuilder(maxLength)
        .append(seq, 0, truncationLength)
        .append(truncationIndicator)
        .toString();
  }

{* ../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001_py310.py hl[14] *}

`.add_task()` は以下の引数を受け取ります:

* バックグラウンドで実行されるタスク関数 (`write_notification`)。
* タスク関数に順番に渡す必要のある引数の列 (`email`)。
* タスク関数に渡す必要のあるキーワード引数 (`message="some notification"`)。

## 依存性注入 { #dependency-injection }

`BackgroundTasks` の使用は依存性注入システムでも機能し、様々な階層 (*path operation function*、依存性 (dependable)、サブ依存性など) で `BackgroundTasks` 型のパラメーターを宣言できます。