* Other contributors include Andrew Wright, Jeffrey Hayes,
 * Pat Fisher, Mike Judd.
 */

/*
 * Source:
 * http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/jsr166/src/test/tck/JSR166TestCase.java?revision=1.90
 * (We have made some trivial local modifications (commented out
 * uncompilable code).)
 */

package com.google.common.util.concurrent;

import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;

   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if invalid surrogate characters are encountered
   */
  protected final String escapeSlow(String s, int index) {
    int end = s.length();

    // Get a destination buffer and setup some loop variables.
    char[] dest = Platform.charBufferFromThreadLocal();
    int destIndex = 0;
    int unescapedChunkStart = 0;

    while (index < end) {
      int cp = codePointAt(s, index, end);

Проверьте, что всё сработало:

//// tab | Linux, macOS, Windows Bash

<div class="termy">

```console
$ which pip

some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip
```

</div>

////

//// tab | Windows PowerShell

<div class="termy">

```console
$ Get-Command pip

some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip
```

</div>

////

Para verificar se funcionou, use:

//// tab | Linux, macOS, Windows Bash

<div class="termy">

```console
$ which pip

some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip
```

</div>

////

//// tab | Windows PowerShell

<div class="termy">

```console
$ Get-Command pip

some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip
```

</div>

////

Se ele exibir o binário `pip` em `env/bin/pip` então funcionou. 🎉

			}
		})
	}
}

// In some deployments, one object has data inlined in one disk and not inlined in other disks.
func TestGetObjectInlineNotInline(t *testing.T) {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	defer cancel()

	// Create a backend with 4 disks named disk{1...4}, this name convention
	// because we will unzip some object data from a sample archive.
	const numDisks = 4

            getSubjectGenerator()
                .getSampleElements(getSubjectGenerator().getCollectionSize().getNumElements()));
    sort(entries, Helpers.<K, V>entryComparator(navigableMap.comparator()));

    // some tests assume SEVERAL == 3
    if (entries.size() >= 1) {
      a = entries.get(0);
      if (entries.size() >= 3) {
        b = entries.get(1);
        c = entries.get(2);
      }
    }
  }

   * @param callback the LineProcessor to use to handle the lines
   * @return the output of processing the lines
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue // some processors won't return a useful result
  @ParametricNullness
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> T readLines(
      URL url, Charset charset, LineProcessor<T> callback) throws IOException {

```Python hl_lines="1  11-21"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!}
```

////

这类似于：

```Python
if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
    # Return some error
    ...
```

但使用 `secrets.compare_digest()`，可以防御**时差攻击**，更加安全。

### 时差攻击

什么是**时差攻击**？

假设攻击者试图猜出用户名与密码。

他们发送用户名为 `johndoe`，密码为 `love123`  的请求。

然后，Python 代码执行如下操作：

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
```

`.add_task()` 接收以下参数：

* 在后台运行的任务函数(`write_notification`)。
* 应按顺序传递给任务函数的任意参数序列(`email`)。
* 应传递给任务函数的任意关键字参数(`message="some notification"`)。

## 依赖注入

使用 `BackgroundTasks` 也适用于依赖注入系统，你可以在多个级别声明 `BackgroundTasks` 类型的参数：在 *路径操作函数* 里，在依赖中(可依赖)，在子依赖中，等等。

**FastAPI** 知道在每种情况下该做什么以及如何复用同一对象，因此所有后台任务被合并在一起并且随后在后台运行：

//// tab | Python 3.10+

    $env:PATH = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('PATH', 'Machine') + ';C:\tools\LLVM\bin'; \
    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('PATH', $env:PATH, 'Machine');

# Install MSYS2, and add some extra tools.
RUN (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile( \
         'https://repo.msys2.org/distrib/x86_64/msys2-base-x86_64-20240113.tar.xz', \
         'msys2.tar.xz'); \