You can create your own custom response class, inheriting from `Response` and using it.

For example, let's say that you want to use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class.

Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`.

Let's see how that works and how to change it if you need to do that.

## Pydantic Models for Input and Output

Let's say you have a Pydantic model with default values, like this one:

{* ../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py ln[1:7] hl[7] *}

### Model for Input

If you use this model as an input like here:

    // inclusive.
    //
    // Note: According to the spec, a NumberFormatException is thrown for a number that is not
    // parseable, but the spec doesn't seem to say which exception is thrown for an invalid radix.
    // In contrast to the JVM, Kotlin native throws an Illegal argument exception in this case
    // (which seems to make more sense).
    try {

///

## Order the parameters as you need

/// tip

This is probably not as important or necessary if you use `Annotated`.

///

Let's say that you want to declare the query parameter `q` as a required `str`.

And you don't need to declare anything else for that parameter, so you don't really need to use `Query`.

type string string

// int is a signed integer type that is at least 32 bits in size. It is a
// distinct type, however, and not an alias for, say, int32.
type int int

// uint is an unsigned integer type that is at least 32 bits in size. It is a
// distinct type, however, and not an alias for, say, uint32.
type uint uint

// uintptr is an integer type that is large enough to hold the bit pattern of
// any pointer.
type uintptr uintptr

> (upstream here points to ******@****.***:minio/minio.git)

```
λ git branch -m RELEASE.2021-04-22T15-44-28Z.hotfix
λ git push -u upstream RELEASE.2021-04-22T15-44-28Z.hotfix
```

Pick the relevant commit-id say for example commit-id from the master branch

```
commit 4f3317effea38c203c358af9cb5ce3c0e4173976
Author: Klaus Post <******@****.***>
Date:   Mon Nov 8 08:41:27 2021 -0800

    Close stream on panic (#13605)

 * <p>The {@link #get}, {@link #removeAll}, and {@link #replaceValues} methods each return a {@link
 * SortedSet} of values, while {@link Multimap#entries()} returns a {@link Set} of map entries.
 * Though the method signature doesn't say so explicitly, the map returned by {@link #asMap} has
 * {@code SortedSet} values.
 *
 * <p><b>Warning:</b> As in all {@link SetMultimap}s, do not modify either a key <i>or a value</i>

These credentials can now be used to perform MinIO API operations.

### Using MinIO Console

- Open MinIO URL on the browser, lets say <http://localhost:9000/>
- Click on `Login with SSO`
- User will be redirected to the Keycloak user login page, upon successful login the user will be redirected to MinIO page and logged in automatically,

* <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/about/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo</a>.
* <a href="https://stackshare.io/pypi-fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Say you use **FastAPI** on StackShare</a>.

## Help others with questions in GitHub

You can try and help others with their questions in:

```

////

But know that this is deprecated and it should be updated to use the new parameter `pattern`. 🤓

## Default values

You can, of course, use default values other than `None`.

Let's say that you want to declare the `q` query parameter to have a `min_length` of `3`, and to have a default value of `"fixedquery"`:

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="9"