PACDecodingException exception = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new PacCredentialType(null));
        assertEquals("Invalid PAC credential type", exception.getMessage());
    }

    /**
     * Tests the constructor with a byte array that is too large.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructorWithDataTooLarge() {

        byte[] emptyToken = new byte[0];
        PACDecodingException e = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosTicket(emptyToken, (byte) 0, keys));
        assertEquals("Empty kerberos ticket", e.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    void testConstructorWithMalformedToken() {
        // Test that PACDecodingException is thrown for a malformed token
        byte[] malformedToken = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 };

    try {
      SerializableTester.reserializeAndAssert(orig);
      errorNotThrown = true;
    } catch (AssertionFailedError error) {
      // expected
      assertContains("must be Object#equals to", error.getMessage());
    }
    assertFalse(errorNotThrown);
  }

  public void testClassWhichIsAlwaysEqualButHasDifferentHashcodes() {
    ClassWhichIsAlwaysEqualButHasDifferentHashcodes orig =

            return new PersistedToolchains(new MavenToolchainsStaxReader().read(in, isStrict(options), source));
        } catch (XMLStreamException e) {
            throw new ToolchainsParseException(
                    e.getMessage(),
                    e.getLocation().getLineNumber(),
                    e.getLocation().getColumnNumber(),
                    e);
        }
    }

    @Override

        });
        assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("PAC"));
    }

    // Test exception for short PAC
    @Test
    void testConstructorShortPac() {
        byte[] shortToken = new byte[7];
        PACDecodingException e = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> {
            new KerberosPacAuthData(shortToken, keys);
        });
        assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("PAC"));
    }

            return new Settings(new SettingsStaxReader().read(in, isStrict(options), source));
        } catch (XMLStreamException e) {
            throw new SettingsParseException(
                    e.getMessage(),
                    e.getLocation().getLineNumber(),
                    e.getLocation().getColumnNumber(),
                    e);
        }
    }

    @Override

            // Then
            assertNotNull(result, "Should return exception for error result");
            assertEquals("DCERPC_BIND_ERR_ABSTRACT_SYNTAX_NOT_SUPPORTED", result.getMessage(),
                    "Should return correct error message for code 1");
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("getResult should return exception for error code 2")

        byte[] empty = new byte[0];

        // Act + Assert
        PACDecodingException ex = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosApRequest(empty, new KerberosKey[0]));
        assertTrue(ex.getMessage().contains("Empty kerberos ApReq"));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("byte[] ctor: malformed DER is wrapped as PACDecodingException (IOException path)")
    void byteArrayConstructor_malformedDER_throwsWrapped() {

        try {
            extractor.testValidateInputStream(null);
            fail("Expected CrawlerSystemException");
        } catch (final CrawlerSystemException e) {
            assertEquals("The inputstream is null.", e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test that validateInputStream is called during getText execution.
     */
    public void test_validateInputStream_calledDuringGetText() {

        } catch (CurlException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("Failed to access the content"));
            // The cause should be another CurlException from getContentAsStream()
            assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof CurlException);
            CurlException innerException = (CurlException) e.getCause();
            assertTrue(innerException.getMessage().contains("The content does not exist"));