*       typically because the type forbids nullable type arguments: For example, {@code
 *       ImmutableList.get} returns {@code E}, but that value is never {@code null}. (Accordingly,
 *       {@code ImmutableList} is declared to forbid {@code ImmutableList<@Nullable String>}.)
 *   <li>methods whose return type is a type variable but which can return {@code null} regardless

 *       typically because the type forbids nullable type arguments: For example, {@code
 *       ImmutableList.get} returns {@code E}, but that value is never {@code null}. (Accordingly,
 *       {@code ImmutableList} is declared to forbid {@code ImmutableList<@Nullable String>}.)
 *   <li>methods whose return type is a type variable but which can return {@code null} regardless

 *       typically because the type forbids nullable type arguments: For example, {@code
 *       ImmutableList.get} returns {@code E}, but that value is never {@code null}. (Accordingly,
 *       {@code ImmutableList} is declared to forbid {@code ImmutableList<@Nullable String>}.)
 *   <li>methods whose return type is a type variable but which can return {@code null} regardless

 *       typically because the type forbids nullable type arguments: For example, {@code
 *       ImmutableList.get} returns {@code E}, but that value is never {@code null}. (Accordingly,
 *       {@code ImmutableList} is declared to forbid {@code ImmutableList<@Nullable String>}.)
 *   <li>methods whose return type is a type variable but which can return {@code null} regardless

    /**
     * Determines the address of a host given it's host name. The name can be a NetBIOS name like
     * "freto" or an IP address like "192.168.1.15". It cannot be a DNS name;
     * the analygous {@link jcifs.netbios.UniAddress} or {@link java.net.InetAddress}
     * <code>getByName</code> methods can be used for that.
     *
     * @param host
     *            hostname to resolve

folder using the session. The server side applications need not create a presigned URL and serve to the client for each file. Since, the client would have the session it can do it by itself.

The temporary security credentials returned by this API consists of an access key, a secret key, and a security token. Applications can use these temporary security credentials to sign calls to MinIO API operations. The policy applied to these temporary credentials is inherited from the MinIO user credentials....

makes HTTP and HTTPS calls. It lets you specify which responses to return and
then verify that requests were made as expected.

Because it exercises your full HTTP stack, you can be confident that you're
testing everything. You can even copy & paste HTTP responses from your real web
server to create representative test cases. Or test that your code survives in
awkward-to-reproduce situations like 500 errors or slow-loading responses.

You can define background tasks to be run *after* returning a response.

This is useful for operations that need to happen after a request, but that the client doesn't really have to be waiting for the operation to complete before receiving the response.

This includes, for example:

* Email notifications sent after performing an action:

When defining WebSockets, you normally declare a parameter of type `WebSocket` and with it you can read data from the client and send data to it.

It is provided directly by Starlette, but you can import it from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import WebSocket
```

/// tip

///

## Await for messages and send messages

In your WebSocket route you can `await` for messages and send messages.

```Python hl_lines="48-52"
{!../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
```

You can receive and send binary, text, and JSON data.

## Try it

If your file is named `main.py`, run your application with:

<div class="termy">