<small>* 내부 개발팀의 프로덕션 애플리케이션을 빌드한 테스트에 근거한 측정</small>

## 골드 스폰서

<!-- sponsors -->

{% if sponsors %}
{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
{% endfor -%}

    try {
      actualResult = actual.apply(input);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      actualRuntimeException = e;
    }

    assertEquals(expectedResult, actualResult);
    if (expectedRuntimeException != null) {
      assertNotNull(actualRuntimeException);
      assertEquals(expectedRuntimeException.getClass(), actualRuntimeException.getClass());
    }
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible

<small>* ilgili kanılar, dahili geliştirme ekibinin geliştirdikleri ürünlere yaptıkları testlere dayanmaktadır.</small>

## Sponsorlar

<!-- sponsors -->

{% if sponsors %}
{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
{% endfor -%}

```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ alternative

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py!}
```

////

#### Sử dụng `Union` hay `Optional`

If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:

Nếu bạn đang sử dụng phiên bản Python dưới 3.10, đây là một mẹo từ ý kiến rất "chủ quan" của tôi:

// their valid instruction encodings.

#include "../../../../../runtime/textflag.h"

// In case of index mode instructions, usage of
// (Rx)(R0) is equivalent to (Rx+R0)
// In case of base+displacement mode instructions if
// the offset is 0, usage of (Rx) is equivalent to 0(Rx)
TEXT asmtest(SB),DUPOK|NOSPLIT,$0
	// move constants
	MOVD $1, R3                     // 38600001
	MOVD $-1, R4                    // 3880ffff

        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> builder.buildOrThrow());
    // We don't really care which values the exception message contains, but they should be
    // different from each other. If buildKeepingLast() collapsed duplicates, that might end up not
    // being true.
    Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("Multiple entries with same key: four=(.*) and four=(.*)");

      Iterable<? extends TypeToken<?>> types) {
    int i = 0;
    for (TypeToken<?> left : types) {
      int j = 0;
      for (TypeToken<?> right : types) {
        if (left.isSupertypeOf(right)) {
          assertTrue(left + " should be after " + right, i >= j);
        }
        j++;
      }
      i++;
    }
  }

  }

  /**
   * A reference implementation for {@code tryParse} that just catches the exception from {@link
   * Float#valueOf}.
   */
  private static @Nullable Float referenceTryParse(String input) {
    if (input.trim().length() < input.length()) {
      return null;
    }
    try {
      return Float.valueOf(input);
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
      return null;
    }
  }

  }

  /**
   * A reference implementation for {@code tryParse} that just catches the exception from {@link
   * Float#valueOf}.
   */
  private static @Nullable Float referenceTryParse(String input) {
    if (input.trim().length() < input.length()) {
      return null;
    }
    try {
      return Float.valueOf(input);
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
      return null;
    }
  }

<small>* iṣiro yi da lori àwọn idanwo tí ẹgbẹ ìdàgbàsókè FastAPI ṣe, nígbàtí wọn kọ àwọn ohun elo iṣelọpọ kóòdù pẹ̀lú rẹ.</small>

## Àwọn onígbọ̀wọ́

<!-- sponsors -->

{% if sponsors %}
{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
{% endfor -%}