}


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}/name",
    response_model=Item,
    response_model_include={"name", "description"},
)
async def read_item_name(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]


@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude={"tax"})
async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str):

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.query_params_str_validations.tutorial011_py310 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py310
def test_multi_query_values(client: TestClient):
    url = "/items/?q=foo&q=bar"
    response = client.get(url)

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py39


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.query_params_str_validations.tutorial011_py39 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py39
def test_multi_query_values(client: TestClient):
    url = "/items/?q=foo&q=bar"
    response = client.get(url)

        List<String> errors = []

        def inspectParametersNullabilityOf = { CtBehavior oldBehavior, CtBehavior newBehavior ->

            List<Boolean> oldParametersNullability = parametersNullabilityOf(oldBehavior)
            List<Boolean> newParametersNullability = parametersNullabilityOf(newBehavior)

            for (int idx = 0; idx < oldParametersNullability.size(); idx++) {
                def oldNullability = oldParametersNullability[idx]

app = FastAPI()


user_router = APIRouter()
item_router = APIRouter()


@user_router.get("/")
def get_users():
    return [{"user_id": "u1"}, {"user_id": "u2"}]


@user_router.get("/{user_id}")
def get_user(user_id: str):
    return {"user_id": user_id}


@item_router.get("/")
def get_items(user_id: Optional[str] = None):
    if user_id is None:

只要把它传递给 `Depends`，**FastAPI** 就知道该如何执行后续操作。

///

## 要不要使用 `async`？

**FastAPI** 调用依赖项的方式与*路径操作函数*一样，因此，定义依赖项函数，也要应用与路径操作函数相同的规则。

即，既可以使用异步的 `async def`，也可以使用普通的 `def` 定义依赖项。

在普通的 `def` *路径操作函数*中，可以声明异步的 `async def` 依赖项；也可以在异步的 `async def` *路径操作函数*中声明普通的 `def` 依赖项。

上述这些操作都是可行的，**FastAPI** 知道该怎么处理。

/// note | "笔记"

如里不了解异步，请参阅[异步：*“着急了？”*](../../async.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 一章中 `async` 和 `await` 的内容。

@callback_router.get(
    "{$callback_url}/callback/", responses={400: {"model": CustomModel}}
)
def callback_route():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


@app.post("/", callbacks=callback_router.routes)
def main_route(callback_url: HttpUrl):
    pass  # pragma: no cover


client = TestClient(app)


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

    ],
)
def test(path, headers, expected_status, expected_response, client: TestClient):
    response = client.get(path, headers=headers)
    assert response.status_code == expected_status
    assert response.json() == expected_response


@needs_py310
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


class CommonQueryParams:
    def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
        self.q = q
        self.skip = skip
        self.limit = limit


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons=Depends(CommonQueryParams)):
    response = {}
    if commons.q:
        response.update({"q": commons.q})

fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


class CommonQueryParams:
    def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
        self.q = q
        self.skip = skip
        self.limit = limit


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends()]):
    response = {}
    if commons.q: