*
   * @throws ClassCastException if the cause cannot be cast to the expected type. The {@code
   *     ClassCastException}'s cause is {@code throwable}.
   * @since 22.0
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Class.cast(Object)
  public static <X extends Throwable> @Nullable X getCauseAs(
      Throwable throwable, Class<X> expectedCauseType) {
    try {
      return expectedCauseType.cast(throwable.getCause());

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

class UrlSourceTest {

    @Test
    void testUrlSource() {
        NullPointerException e = assertThrows(
                NullPointerException.class, () -> new UrlSource(null), "Should fail, since you must specify a url");
        assertEquals("url cannot be null", e.getMessage());
    }

  public static final class TwoArgConstructorException extends Exception {
    public TwoArgConstructorException(String message, Throwable cause) {
      super(message, cause);
    }
  }

  public static final class TwoArgConstructorRuntimeException extends RuntimeException {
    public TwoArgConstructorRuntimeException(String message, Throwable cause) {
      super(message, cause);
    }
  }

 * This class extends StandardRoot to provide custom web resource handling
 * for Fess plugins, including support for plugin JAR files in the WEB-INF/plugin directory.
 */
public class FessWebResourceRoot extends StandardRoot {
    /** Logger instance for this class */
    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(FessWebResourceRoot.class.getName());

    /**

                if (classFile.contains("$")) {
                    // java inexplicably has an inner class contain itself as an inner class...
                    makeInnerClassPublic(classNode, classNode.name.split("\\$")[1]);
                }
            });

            if (classFile.contains("$")) {
                // for inner classes, also need to adjust the parent
                String[] parts = classFile.split("\\$");

    /** Gets the value for the entry. */
    V getValue();
  }

  /*
   * Note: the following classes have a lot of duplicate code. It sucks, but it saves a lot of
   * memory. If only Java had mixins!
   */

  /** Base class for {@link InternalEntry} implementations for strong keys. */
  abstract static class AbstractStrongKeyEntry<K, V, E extends InternalEntry<K, V, E>>
      implements InternalEntry<K, V, E> {

    setImplementation(Appendable.class, StringBuilder.class);
    setImplementation(BlockingQueue.class, LinkedBlockingDeque.class);
    setImplementation(BlockingDeque.class, LinkedBlockingDeque.class);
    setImplementation(ConcurrentMap.class, ConcurrentHashMap.class);
    setImplementation(ConcurrentNavigableMap.class, ConcurrentSkipListMap.class);
    setImplementation(CountDownLatch.class, Dummies.DummyCountDownLatch.class);

     */
    byte FS_SIZE_INFO = 3;
    /**
     * File system full size information constant.
     */
    byte FS_FULL_SIZE_INFO = 7;

    /**
     * Gets the file system information class.
     *
     * @return file system information class
     */
    byte getFileSystemInformationClass();

    class SomeCustomClass(BaseModel):
        model_config = {"arbitrary_types_allowed": True}

        a_uuid: MyUuid

        @field_serializer("a_uuid")
        def serialize_a_uuid(self, v):
            return str(v)

    @app.get("/get_custom_class")
    def return_some_user():
        # Test that the fix also works for custom pydantic classes

        buf.append(cpSeparator);
        // WEB-INF/classes
        buf.append("WEB-INF");
        buf.append(File.separator);
        buf.append("classes");
        // target/classes
        final String userDir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
        final File targetDir = new File(userDir, "target");
        final File targetClassesDir = new File(targetDir, "classes");
        if (targetClassesDir.isDirectory()) {